Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic characterisation of palm biodiesel and its blends

Ng, Mei Han; Liang, Yung Chee

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116008

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Based on the above considerations, the studied NMR methods can be suggested as stand-alone alternative methods without the need for standards or derivatization to characterise to study the unsaturated systems of the alkyl chain, the length chain and the quantification of glycerides and alcohol residual in biodiesel. Other NMR methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of biodiesel, they are either based on the use added standards to the samples or they use of additional quantitative methods to standardised the NMR analysis [22][23][24][25], no other stand-alone published alternative quantitative method could be found to analysis biodiesel samples based on NMR spectroscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and several spectroscopic techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are commonly employed for monitoring the transesterification reaction and for the determination of biodiesel blend levels [22][23][24][25]. NMR is an excellent powerful technique, currently underused in biodiesel analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative and qualitative analysis of biodiesel by NMR spectroscopic methods

Doudin

2021

Fuel

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Biodiesel is an alternate renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic fuel similar to conventional fossil fuel. It is usually produced from vegetable oil, animal fat, tallow, non-edible plant oil and waste cooking oil. Residue oil components and by-products from the production process or contamination during handling and storage could affect the quality of the biodiesel. The molecular compositions of biodiesel samples have been investigated by a combination of NMR spectroscopic methods. The use of NMR spectroscopy is a novel method to biodiesel characterisation is implemented to fully characterise and assign the molecular structure of biodiesel samples and to identify and quantify the moieties the molecules, particularly the unsaturated long-chain alkyl esters. The NMR spectroscopic method was also implemented to evaluate the transesterification process; the amount of trans-esterified biodiesel in the samples and amounts of un-reacted different types of glycerides. Furthermore, the NMR spectroscopic method is developed to quantify methanol in biodiesel and proposed here as alternative to the official method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of biodiesel by NMR spectroscopic methods

Doudin

2021

Fuel

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“…79 Ng employed LHR coating to investigate if vegetable oil blends were appropriate for usage in a diesel engine. 80 The results showed that the power output and torque of the biodiesel-coated engine increased while the BSFC value decreased. The exhaust emissions of the blends, including CO, HC, and smoke opacity, are decreased in both coated and uncoated engines, although the NO x emissions are higher than those of diesel fuel.…”

Section: Low Heat Rejection (Lhr) Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel-Operated Compression Ignition Engines through Low Heat Rejection Mode and Antioxidant Additives: A Review

Rajendran,

Venkatesan,

Dhairiyasamy

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Depending on the heat content and compression ignition (CI) engine combustion, biodiesel is a viable substitute fuel. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, safe, sulfur-free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel. It may be utilized in CI engines in any combination with diesel fuel without requiring the engine to be significantly modified. Many research studies have been made with several biodiesels as diesel substitutes, including Pongamia pinnata, Jatropha curcas, Mangifera indica, and Madhuca longifolia. The topic of the current review is the potential of renewable fuels to outperform diesel fuel in terms of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. In the present study, CI engines are fueled with biodiesels made from Man. indica, Mad. longifolia, and pongamia seed oil. Adopting low heat rejection (LHR) mode CI engines and adding an antioxidant agent in addition to the biodiesel blends may resolve the issue of these biodiesels’ poorer performance and increased NO emission. Both these additions may provide positive approaches in both performance and emission.

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“…While scrutinising means of POME elimination through an integrated approach in a palm oil mill complex, focus was still on accelerating POME breakdown during anaerobic digestion to enhance biogas/syngas production (Ng et al, 2019;Zaied et al, 2019) using some of the high-rate anaerobic reactors and co-digestion aided by solar and chemical oxidation. Millers will soon have an option to either capture biogas for energy use or embark on more innovative methods to promote sustainable palm oil milling for a balanced economic and environmental advantage (Tan and Lim, 2019).…”

Section: Biomass and Bioenergy Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The year 2019 saw the implementation of mandatory use of B10 (10% palm biodiesel and 90% petroleum diesel) in the transportation sector in February (Nursyairah et al, 2019) followed by B7 for industrial sector starting July the same year. A new precise nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic technique in monitoring palm biodiesel and its blends was established (Ng and Yung, 2019). Due to the food vs. fuel issue, a shift from conventional biodiesel feedstock (vegetable oil) to waste oil such as residual POME oil (Matinja et al, 2019), waste cooking palm oil (Maneechakr and Karnjanakom, 2019) and palm biomass waste (Ahmad et al, 2019a;Intasit et al, 2019) was investigated.…”

Section: Biomass and Bioenergy Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OIL PALM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA AND R&D PROGRESS IN 2019

Parveez¹

2020

JOPR

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continue to dominate the palm oil research scene and rightfully so especially when the industry is faced with practice and soil health cannot be relegated as a means towards narrowing yield gaps aside from improving of key technologies at every level of the process value chain with zero waste as the ultimate goal. Apart from driving sustainability, the industry has also doubled its efforts in ensuring that palm oil is safe. It is evident that the natural properties of the palm oil make it a healthier and versatile choice for food and its derivatives, respectively. However, its processing methods though need further scrutiny and transformation to allay concerns of its safety. Moving towards a greener and cleaner future, environment-centric policies have helped accelerate the adoption of bio-based materials fuelling palm oil's divergence further into the becoming effective from 1 January 2020, it is anticipated that demand for certified sustainable palm oil lies beyond forests. In general, 2019 was indeed a challenging year for the palm oil industry as a whole, however, this could be deemed a blessing in disguise as the industry has not only risen to the occasion but has proven to be a force to be reckoned with.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic characterisation of palm biodiesel and its blends

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of biodiesel by NMR spectroscopic methods

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of biodiesel by NMR spectroscopic methods

Enhancing Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel-Operated Compression Ignition Engines through Low Heat Rejection Mode and Antioxidant Additives: A Review

OIL PALM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA AND R&D PROGRESS IN 2019

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