Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of a chemically cross-linked ferrous–methylthymol blue–polyvinyl alcohol radiochromic gel dosimeter

Eyadeh, Molham M.; Rabaeh, Khalid A.; Aldweri, Feras M.; Shorman, Mohammad Y. Al; Alheet, Samer M.; Awad, Samer I.; Hailat, Tariq F.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108812

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thus, as the absorbed dose increased, the ferric ion (Fe3 + ) concentration in a ferrous (Fe2 + ) solution increased, and consequently, the R1 and R2 increased. The R1 dose-response curve of the prepared dosimeter in this work shows a sensitivity (0.058 ± 0.003 s − 1 Gy − 1 ) within the dose range 0 to 1000 cGy where this sensitivity is 2.52 times greater than that measured by Marrale et al who evaluated the ferrous xylenol orange gel dosimeter (FXG) dose-response [39]. Further, the measured R2 sensitivity in the present work was 0.092 ± 0.004 s − 1 Gy − 1 which is 2.55 times higher than the value reported in Eyadeh et al study [40].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Evaluation of ferrous benzoic methylthymol-blue gel as a dosimeter via magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2020

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Evaluation of ferrous benzoic methylthymol-blue gel as a dosimeter via magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2020

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“…The optimal concentration of ferrous ammonium sulphate and xylenol orange are found to be in the range of 0.4–1 mM and 0.166–0.2 mM, respectively [ 133 ]. Chelating agents other than xylenol orange were investigated, such as methylthymol blue (MTB) [ 133 , 134 , 135 ] and 5-sulfosalicylic acid as a replacement for sulfuric acid [ 136 ]. The addition of the free radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide to a MTB-PVA-GTA Fricke gel dosimeter results in a reduction in the diffusion coefficient to 2.1 × 10 −11 m 2 s −1 [ 137 ].…”

Section: Fricke Gel Dosimetersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dosimetry by Use of Radiosensitive Hydrogels and Polymers: Mechanisms, State-of-the-Art and Perspective from 3D to 4D

Deene

2022

Gels

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Gel dosimetry was developed in the 1990s in response to a growing need for methods to validate the radiation dose distribution delivered to cancer patients receiving high-precision radiotherapy. Three different classes of gel dosimeters were developed and extensively studied. The first class of gel dosimeters is the Fricke gel dosimeters, which consist of a hydrogel with dissolved ferrous ions that oxidize upon exposure to ionizing radiation. The oxidation results in a change in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, which makes it possible to read out Fricke gel dosimeters by use of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The radiation-induced oxidation in Fricke gel dosimeters can also be visualized by adding an indicator such as xylenol orange. The second class of gel dosimeters is the radiochromic gel dosimeters, which also exhibit a color change upon irradiation but do not use a metal ion. These radiochromic gel dosimeters do not demonstrate a significant radiation-induced change in NMR properties. The third class is the polymer gel dosimeters, which contain vinyl monomers that polymerize upon irradiation. Polymer gel dosimeters are predominantly read out by quantitative MRI or X-ray CT. The accuracy of the dosimeters depends on both the physico-chemical properties of the gel dosimeters and on the readout technique. Many different gel formulations have been proposed and discussed in the scientific literature in the last three decades, and scanning methods have been optimized to achieve an acceptable accuracy for clinical dosimetry. More recently, with the introduction of the MR-Linac, which combines an MRI-scanner and a clinical linear accelerator in one, it was shown possible to acquire dose maps during radiation, but new challenges arise.

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“…Such composition proved to be characterized by a diffusion rate of ferric ions significantly lower that what achievable with natural gel matrices like gelatin from porcine skin and agarose [39,40]. For this reason, the interest toward PVA-GTA Fricke gel dosimetry is gaining importance, as attested by the increasing literature about this topic [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. The PVA-GTA Fricke gels have, in fact, sensitivities comparable to the conventional gel dosimeters and they are promising tools in X-ray external radiotherapy applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ionizing radiation on the colorimetric properties of PVA-GTA Xylenol Orange Fricke gel dosimeters

et al. 2021

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show abstract

Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of a chemically cross-linked ferrous–methylthymol blue–polyvinyl alcohol radiochromic gel dosimeter

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

Evaluation of ferrous benzoic methylthymol-blue gel as a dosimeter via magnetic resonance imaging

Evaluation of ferrous benzoic methylthymol-blue gel as a dosimeter via magnetic resonance imaging

Radiation Dosimetry by Use of Radiosensitive Hydrogels and Polymers: Mechanisms, State-of-the-Art and Perspective from 3D to 4D

Effect of ionizing radiation on the colorimetric properties of PVA-GTA Xylenol Orange Fricke gel dosimeters

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