NPP1, a <i>Phytophthora</i>‐associated trigger of plant defense in parsley and <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Fellbrich, Guido; Romański, A; Varet, Anne; Blume, Beatrix; Brunner, Frédéric; Engelhardt, Stefan; Felix, Georg; Kemmerling, Birgit; Krzymowska, Magdalena; Nürnberger, Thorsten

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01454.x

Cited by 274 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Interrogation of the M. grisea genome for putative effector proteins revealed three families of putatively secreted, cysteinerich polypeptides (clusters 180, 360 and 641) and a protein family with similarity to the necrosis-inducing peptide of Phytophthora infestans (NPP1, pfam05630) 29 . As described above, cysteine-rich polypeptides are recognized as PAMPs, as exemplified by the C. fulvum-tomato interaction 30 .…”

Section: Fungal Effectors and Pampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

Dean

Talbot

Ebbole

et al. 2005

Nature

1,486

1,194

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Magnaporthe grisea is the most destructive pathogen of rice worldwide and the principal model organism for elucidating the molecular basis of fungal disease of plants. Here, we report the draft sequence of the M. grisea genome. Analysis of the gene set provides an insight into the adaptations required by a fungus to cause disease. The genome encodes a large and diverse set of secreted proteins, including those defined by unusual carbohydrate-binding domains. This fungus also possesses an expanded family of G-protein-coupled receptors, several new virulence-associated genes and large suites of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. Consistent with a role in fungal pathogenesis, the expression of several of these genes is upregulated during the early stages of infection-related development. The M. grisea genome has been subject to invasion and proliferation of active transposable elements, reflecting the clonal nature of this fungus imposed by widespread rice cultivation.Outbreaks of rice blast disease are a serious and recurrent problem in all rice-growing regions of the world, and the disease is extremely difficult to control 1,2 . Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea, is therefore a significant economic and humanitarian problem. It is estimated that each year enough rice is destroyed by rice blast disease to feed 60 million people 3 . The life cycle of the rice blast fungus is shown in Fig. 1. Infections occur when fungal spores land and attach themselves to leaves using a special adhesive released from the tip of each spore 4 . The germinating spore develops an appressorium-a specialized infection cell-which generates enormous turgor pressure (up to 8 MPa) that ruptures the leaf cuticle, allowing invasion of the underlying leaf tissue 5,6 . Subsequent colonization of the leaf produces disease lesions from which the fungus sporulates and spreads to new plants. When rice blast infects young rice seedlings, whole plants often die, whereas spread of the disease to the stems, nodes or panicle of older plants results in nearly total loss of the rice grain 2 . Different host-limited forms of M. grisea also infect a broad range of grass species including wheat, barley and millet. Recent reports have shown that the fungus has the capacity to infect plant roots 7 .Here we present our preliminary analysis of the draft genome sequence of M. grisea, which has emerged as a model system for understanding plant-microbe interactions because of both its economic significance and genetic tractability 1,2 . Acquisition of the M. grisea genome sequenceThe genome of a rice pathogenic strain of M. grisea, 70-15, was sequenced through a whole-genome shotgun approach. In all, greater than sevenfold sequence coverage was produced, and a summary of the principal genome sequence data is provided in Table 1 and Supplementary Table S1. The draft genome sequence consists of 2,273 sequence contigs longer than 2 kilobases (kb), ordered and orientated within 159 scaffolds. The total length of all sequence contigs is 38.8 mega...

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Section: Fungal Effectors and Pampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

Dean

Talbot

Ebbole

et al. 2005

Nature

1,486

1,194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The founding member of this family was isolated in 1995 from the culture medium of Fusarium oxysporum based on its capability to trigger both ethylene production and necrosis in numerous dicotyledonous plants, therefore named NEP1 (necrosis and ethylene inducing peptide 1). 1 Follow-up studies identified a number of oomycete and bacterial NLPs, such as PaNIE from Pythium aphanidermatum (NLP Pya ), 2 NPP1 from Phytophthora parasitica (NLP Pp ), 3 PsojNIP from Phytophthora sojae (NLP Ps ) 4 or NIP from Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (NLP Pcc ) 5 that elicit diverse defense reactions in dicots.…”

Section: Nlps-from Elicitors To Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These responses resemble to a great extent those triggered by the well-studied PAMP flg22. [1][2][3][4]8,9 Furthermore, NLPs show a broad taxonomical distribution with high conservation.…”

Section: Nlps-from Elicitors To Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NLPs are transiently expressed proteins 5,9,12 and an elicitor-active minimal motif, as it is found for many PAMPs, could not be identified. 3,13 Additionally, genuine PAMPs trigger immunity-associated hypersensitive cell death (hypersensitive response, HR) only in exceptional cases, whereas NLPs caused lesion formation in all dicotyledonous plants tested. Moreover, the NLP-induced cell-death differs genetically from a HR.…”

Section: Nlps-from Elicitors To Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strikingly, NLP Pya clearly carries a 29 residue N-terminal extension including a short helix (α1), which has been shown to be essential for the cell death inducing activity of NLP Pp . 3 Taking these data into account, a plausible model for a membrane attachment of NLP Pya can be generated (Fig. 1B) (Fig.…”

Section: Membrane Interaction Of Nlps and Structurally Similar Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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