“…Mandal et al (Mandal et al, 2017) prepared a novel nanocomposite hydrogel using AuNPs formed in situ combined with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polymethacrylic acid to improve the load e ciency and slow release properties of transdermal drugs. However, it should be noted that the interaction between cellulose and AuNPs is weak, resulting in AuNPs that cannot be effectively stabilized, and the recovery rate of AuNPs is low (Azevedo et al, 2017;Maji and Jana, 2017;Harraz et al, 2022). To solve the above problems, rst, the interaction sites between the carrier and AuNPs should be increased to improve the stabilization of the AuNPs; second, the steric hindrance effect of the carrier should be increased to enlarge the distance between nanoparticles (Rana et al, 2018;Ren et al, 2017).…”