The objective of this paper was to describe the evolution of language assessments
in patients with acquired neurological diseases over a period of around 45 years
from 1970, when interdisciplinarity in Neuropsychology first began in Brazil, to
the present day. The first twenty years of data was based on memories of Speech
Pathology University Professors who were in charge of teaching aphasia. We then
show the contributions of Linguistics, Cognitive Psychology, as well as
Psycholinguistic and Psychometric criteria, to language evaluation. Finally, the
current panorama of adaptations and creations of validated and standardized
instruments is given, based on a search of the databases Pubmed, Scopus and
Lilacs. Our closing remarks highlight the diversity in evaluation approaches and
the recent tendency of language evaluations linked to new technologies such as
brain imaging and computational analysis.