Novel Techniques in the Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with cirrhosis preceding its development in most cases. Surgical resection remains the primary therapeutic option despite the recent emergence of locoregional therapies. Novel surgical techniques are being proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional anatomical open liver resection. Laparoscopic resection is a safe and effective alternative to open liver resection, especially for left lateral or peripheral segment tumors. It is associated with less postoperative morbidity, intraoperative blood loss, and medial hospital stay with no difference in oncological outcomes. Robotic-assisted liver resection overcomes the technically difficult resection of tumors located at the posterosuperior segments with similar outcomes to laparoscopic resection. Associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) procedure allows resection in patients with HCC, and associated major vascular resection or small future liver remnant (FLR) with long-term results yet to be announced. For patients with small solitary tumors or poor liver function, nonanatomical liver resection is a feasible therapeutic option due to minimal postoperative morbidity and similar oncological results of anatomical resection.

Machine-Learning Based Hybrid-Feature Analysis for Liver Cancer Classification Using Fused (MR and CT) Images

“…In this process, the Gabor filter [24] was implemented to enhance and detect edges that are based on the Gaussian kernel function. Mathematically, the Gabor filter is expressed in Equation (2).…”

“…Liver cancer or haptic cancer is one of the most threatening diseases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most encountered, at 80% of all hepatic cancers [2]. There are several factors that cause liver cancer, such as alcohol, smoking, obesity, etc.…”

“…Sometimes, there is a possibility of mistakes while examining such severe diseases. Therefore, an intelligent system is needed to reduce the probability of error in diagnosis [2].…”