Novel strategies for tracing the exposure of meat cattle to illegal growth-promoters

Nebbia, Carlo; Urbani, Andrea; Carletti, Monica; Gardini, Giulia; Balbo, Alessandra; Bertarelli, D.; Girolami, Flavia

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.06.016

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, the actual importance of growth-promoter abuse in beef cattle is known to be underestimated [43] because highly informative analytical methods are used on just a small number of cases and often such methods are not sensitive enough to detect residues of low dosage cocktails. This prompts for the development and use of more reliable and cost effective screening tools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic markers meet the real world: finding diagnostic signatures of corticosteroid treatment in commercial beef samples

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe use of growth-promoters in beef cattle, despite the EU ban, remains a frequent practice. The use of transcriptomic markers has already proposed to identify indirect evidence of anabolic hormone treatment. So far, such approach has been tested in experimentally treated animals. Here, for the first time commercial samples were analyzed.ResultsQuantitative determination of Dexamethasone (DEX) residues in the urine collected at the slaughterhouse was performed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). DNA-microarray technology was used to obtain transcriptomic profiles of skeletal muscle in commercial samples and negative controls. LC-MS confirmed the presence of low level of DEX residues in the urine of the commercial samples suspect for histological classification. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on microarray data identified two clusters of samples. One cluster included negative controls and a subset of commercial samples, while a second cluster included part of the specimens collected at the slaughterhouse together with positives for corticosteroid treatment based on thymus histology and LC-MS. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes (3961) between the two groups provided further evidence that animals clustering with positive samples might have been treated with corticosteroids. These suspect samples could be reliably classified with a specific classification tool (Prediction Analysis of Microarray) using just two genes.ConclusionsDespite broad variation observed in gene expression profiles, the present study showed that DNA-microarrays can be used to find transcriptomic signatures of putative anabolic treatments and that gene expression markers could represent a useful screening tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic markers meet the real world: finding diagnostic signatures of corticosteroid treatment in commercial beef samples

et al. 2012

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“…Beside the residue analyses, new approaches have been proposed in recent years to prove illicit treatment with growth promoters [26]: some focused on targeted metabolite analyses [17, 18, 27] and others on untargeted proteomics [28–30] or metabolomics approaches [31–33]. Despite all being promising, none of them is definitive to establish a unique and robust set of biomarkers of treatment independently from drug administration, breed, gender, age, and physiological condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Concentrations of Steroids in Bulls under Anabolic Treatment by Revalor-XS® Implant

Biancotto

Stella

Barrucci

et al. 2016

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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Despite the European ban of using anabolics in food-producing animals, growth promoters might still be illegally used in the European Union. To control the food chain and guarantee consumers' health, there is a need of highly sensitive analytical methods for the identification of marker residues of such treatments. In the present study, a group of bulls (n = 16) received trenbolone acetate (200 mg) and estradiol (40 mg) by a commercial ear implant during a time range of 71 days, and a second group (n = 16) was kept for control. The aim of the research was to measure the residual urinary concentrations of the administered drugs (β-trenbolone and β-estradiol), their main metabolites (α-trenbolone and α-estradiol), and possible alterations of the urinary profile of other endogenous hormones metabolically related. The analytical method was based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed average urinary concentrations of α-trenbolone and α-estradiol during treatment in the range of (0.81 ÷ 2.1) ng mL−1 and (0.96 ÷ 4.4) ng mL−1, respectively, whereas β-trenbolone and β-estradiol exhibit urinary concentrations lower than 0.22 ng mL−1 in both cases. Data obtained from the urinary profiles of endogenous steroids indicate that they could be useful to indirectly detect the ongoing treatment.

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“…'Omics' based approaches will not replace traditional MS/MS confirmatory analytical methods, although they may aid in the screening phase by 'filtering' the thousands of randomly collected samples, so improving the overall efficiency of the official controls (Nebbia et al 2011). As demonstrated in the present research, omics approaches offer the possibility to screen for illicit practices several weeks after anabolic implant administration.…”

Section: Rplc-hrmsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) and reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)–high resolution MS for characterizing lipids profile disruption in serum of anabolic implanted bovines

et al. 2015

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Glycerophospholipids have been highlighted as the major lipids class affected by trenbolone acetate/ estradiol implant administration in bovines. Non-targeted hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry have been successfully applied for characterizing lipid profile disruption in serum of implanted bovines. HILIC data pointed towards significant decrease of C22 fatty acids in implanted animals, i.e., C22:3 (p \ 0.05), C22:4 (p \ 0.05) and C22:6 (p \ 0.01), whilst RPLC data confirmed depletion of glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine) with C22 fatty acid chains. Using these two complementary methods, complex lipids with the same alkyl chain have been putatively characterized and could further serve to understand the biological mechanism of illicit administration of trenbolone acetate/estradiol implant. These metabolites underpin glycerophospholipid metabolism as potential pathway, which was identified using metabolomic pathway analysis and MetExplore platforms. We hypothesized that implantation of exogenous androgenic and estrogenic steroids induces a depletion of glycerophospholipids with C22 FA chains, by decreasing high-density lipoproteins, the main transporters of glycerophospholipids in plasma.

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Novel strategies for tracing the exposure of meat cattle to illegal growth-promoters

Cited by 46 publications

References 57 publications

Transcriptomic markers meet the real world: finding diagnostic signatures of corticosteroid treatment in commercial beef samples

Transcriptomic markers meet the real world: finding diagnostic signatures of corticosteroid treatment in commercial beef samples

Urinary Concentrations of Steroids in Bulls under Anabolic Treatment by Revalor-XS® Implant

Hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) and reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)–high resolution MS for characterizing lipids profile disruption in serum of anabolic implanted bovines

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