Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) protein
is a key negative regulator
of apoptosis, and developing Mcl-1 inhibitors has been an attractive
strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we describe the rational design,
synthesis, and structure–activity relationship study of 3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfonyl-1H-pyrrole-based compounds as Mcl-1 inhibitors. Stepwise
optimizations of hit compound 11 with primary Mcl-1 inhibition
(52%@30 μM) led to the discovery of the most potent compound 40 with high affinity (K
d = 0.23
nM) and superior selectivity over other Bcl-2 family proteins (>40,000
folds). Mechanistic studies revealed that 40 could activate
the apoptosis signal pathway in an Mcl-1-dependent manner. 40 exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic
profiles (F% = 41.3%). Furthermore, oral administration
of 40 was well tolerated to effectively inhibit tumor
growth (T/C = 37.3%) in MV4-11 xenograft models. Collectively, these
findings implicate that compound 40 is a promising antitumor
agent that deserves further preclinical evaluations.