Novel Polyherbal Nanocolloids to Control Bovine Mastitis

Abstract

Mastitis is a widespread disease in dairy cattle occurring throughout the world. The increased use of antibiotics brings about the development of antibiotic-resistant microbes. The application of antibiotics in dairy farming led to increased antibiotic resistance and represents a major obstacle for the treatment of mastitis. Recent advancements in nanotechnology led to the development of nanocolloids to overcome disadvantages posed by conventional antimicrobial agents. Hence, a novel, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, biocompatible, and long-term antibacterial represents a promising solution for medicine and farming. Hence, polyherbal nanocolloids (PHNc) was formulated by using the extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum verum, Emblica officinalis, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, and Cymbopogon citratus and physicochemically characterized. From mastitis milk samples, microorganisms were isolated including Acinetobacter junii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Acinetobacter baumannii and screened for antibiotic susceptibility. All the isolated strains were tested with PHNc and compared with antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and biofilm assays were performed at different concentrations, and antibacterial effects were quantified. In our results, PHNc showed potent bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and antibiofilm activity against all the strains. Our results indicated that PHNc can reduce the virulence factors responsible for infection by different bacterial strains. This study confirmed that PHNc had the potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains and could be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics to inhibit multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens in cattle.

Photocatalytic Removal of Crystal Violet Dye Utilizing Greenly Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

“…and 2023.52 cm -1 in the spectrum of the biogenic IONPs might be attributed to the pre of thiocyanate and isothiocyanate compounds [46]. However, the band detected at 19 cm -1 in the spectrum of the biogenic IONPs could be attributed to the C-H bending aromatic compounds.…”

“…Furthermore, the absorption bands seen at a wavenumber of 1636 cm -1 in the spectrum of the biogenic IONPs and the C. sinensis extract might be attributed to the bending motion of the C=C stretching in the alkenes [45]. On the other hand, the bands detected at 2171.27 and 2023.52 cm -1 in the spectrum of the biogenic IONPs might be attributed to the presence of thiocyanate and isothiocyanate compounds [46]. However, the band detected at 1989.87 cm -1 in the spectrum of the biogenic IONPs could be attributed to the C-H bending of the aromatic compounds.…”

Alternatives to antibiotics for treatment of mastitis in dairy cows

“…Cinnamon oil and silver nanoparticles were bactericidal against S. agalactiae ( 146 ). Polyherbal nanocolloids from Dandelion , Cinnamon , Phyllanthus emblica , Terminalia , and Citronella had efficient, dose-dependent antibacterial ability against mastitis-derived pathogens ( 147 ).…”