Novel optical PVC probes for on-site detection/determination of fluoroquinolones in a solid/liquid interface: Application to the determination of Norfloxacin in aquaculture water

Abstract

A novel optical disposable probe for screening fluoroquinolones in fish farming waters is presented, having Norfloxacin (NFX) as target compound. The colorimetric reaction takes place in the solid/liquid interface consisting of a plasticized PVC layer carrying the colorimetric reagent and the sample solution. NFX solutions dropped on top of this solid-sensory surface provided a colour change from light yellow to dark orange.Several metals were tested as colorimetric reagents and Fe(III) was selected. The main parameters affecting the obtained colour were assessed and optimised in both liquid and solid phases. The corresponding studies were conducted by visible spectrophotometry and digital image acquisition. The three coordinates of the HSL model system of the collected image (Hue, Saturation and Lightness) were obtained by simple image management (enabled in any computer).The analytical response of the optimised solid-state optical probe against concentration was tested for several mathematical transformations of the colour coordinates. Linear behaviour was observed for logarithm NFX concentration against Hue þ Lightness. Under this condition, the sensor exhibited a limit of detection below 50 mM (corresponding to about 16 mg/mL). Visual inspection also enabled semi-quantitative information. The selectivity was ensured against drugs from other chemical groups than fluoroquinolones.Finally, similar procedure was used to prepare an array of sensors for NFX, consisting on different metal species. Cu(II), Mn(II) and aluminon were selected for this purpose. The sensor array was used to detect NFX in aquaculture water, without any prior sample manipulation.

Development of paper-based color test-strip for drug detection in aquatic environment: Application to oxytetracycline

“…As far as we know, there are only two colored sensing strips available in the literature for detecting drugs in aquatic environment, both devoted to Quinolone antibiotics (Lara Guerreiro and Ferreira Sales, 2011;Silva et al, 2012). These strips consisted of plasticized PVC entrapping a suitable reagent, with which the antibiotic would form a colored complex.…”

A cellulose-based colour test-strip for equipment-free drug detection on-site: application to sulfadiazine in aquatic environment

“…As far as we know, very few methods report the development of test-strips for antibiotics, which are equipmentfree methods. This includes plasticized PVC strips, in which the incubation of a given antibiotic lead to a given colour, yielding semi-quantitative data by comparing with a standard colour palette [41,42]. These works involved a colourimetric reaction between a target antibiotic and a suitable reagent, entrapped within a plasticized PVC support.…”

Simultaneous determination of 16 fluoroquinolone antibiotics in cosmetics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid-phase extraction

“…In view of the fact that chemical nature of column packing 35 materials may have a significant effect on chromatographic performance, a wide variety of commercially available UPLC columns with sub-2 μm particles were compared for the separation of the 16 FQs during method development, such as BEH C 18 shape and detection sensitivity. The packing particles of the BEH Shield RP18 column are synthesized on high-pressure bearing ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) substrate, and contain an embedded carbamate polar group.…”

“…12 In view of the health hazards, FQ antibiotics are regulated as prohibited substances in cosmetic products by the European Union, 13 the Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN), 14 and China. 15 To date, various analytical methods have been developed for the determination of FQs in food matrices, biological specimens, environmental samples, and pharmaceutical formulations, 8,16,17 based on spectrophotometry, 18,19 spectrouorometry, 20,21 chemiluminescence, 22,23 immunological assay, 24,25 microbiological assay, 26,27 capillary electrophoresis, 28,29 electrochemistry, 30,31 high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet, [32][33][34][35] uorescence, 34,[36][37][38] mass spectrometric, 39 or tandem mass spectrometric [40][41][42][43] detection. Nevertheless, there are very limited studies published for dealing with the analysis of FQ antibiotics in cosmetic samples, particularly multicomponent analytical methods.…”