Novel insight into the biological functions of syndecan ectodomain core proteins

Abstract

Syndecans are a four member family of multifunctional transmembrane heparan sulphate bearing cell surface receptors. Each family member has common molecular architecture but a distinct expression profile. Numerous molecular interactions between syndecan heparan sulphate chains, growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix molecules have been reported and syndecans are intimately associated with cell adhesion and migration. Here, we describe the important emerging concept that contained within syndecan extracellular core proteins are "adhesion regulatory domains." Cell adhesion is driven by the integrins and syndecan ectodomain adhesion regulatory domains can alter integrin driven cellular responses. Cell adhesion and migration is central to numerous pathologies and an understanding of how syndecan ectodomains influence integrins will lead to novel therapeutic strategies.

Syndecan-1 and Its Expanding List of Contacts

“…Excellent reviews that focus on different aspects of sdc biology and function have appeared. [4][5][6][7][8] Those more interested in sdc1 in various diseases should read the review by Teng et al 4 whereas those interested in wound healing will want to see the review by Alexopoulou et al 5 Transmembrane signaling, 6 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain functions, 7 and core-proteinmediated functions 8 are the focus of additional reviews. Here we will place emphasis on the newly described roles that sdc1 play in mediating endocytosis and exosome formation that impact epithelial tissue homeostasis, cell migration, and epidermal and corneal wound healing.…”

Shed syndecan-2 inhibits angiogenesis

“…For example, cell adhesion regulatory domains have been identified in all four syndecan family members (De Rossi and Whiteford, 2013a;De Rossi and Whiteford, 2013b;McFall and Rapraeger, 1997;McFall and Rapraeger, 1998;Whiteford et al, 2007;Whiteford and Couchman, 2006). How and when these regulatory sequences function and their relevance to biological processes has yet to be determined.…”

Drugs for dengue: a patent review (2010 – 2014)

“…Syndecans are cell-surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans involved in a multitude of functions that include cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, migration, proliferation and differentiation [39,40]. Many viruses such as Drugs for dengue Expert Opin.…”