“…[11] Since their formation is flexible and thin, it is convenient to attach them to the surface of the vehicle's interior (e.g., headliner, door cover, rings, etc.). [12] Typically, metal alloys (e.g., nichrome, Kanthal) are used Amid the rapid development of electric vehicles, a flexible and waterproof radiant heater that can withstand repeated bending and washing is highly desirable. Herein, a freestanding, ultra-flexible, and washable joule heater is constructed using a biocompatible poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) (SIBS) polymer as binder and carbon black (CB) as heating material.…”