Novel Cesium Membrane Sensor Based on a Cavitand

Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Norouzi, Parviz; Emami, Mehdi; Golmohammadi, Mahmoud; Mouradzadegun, Arash

doi:10.1002/jccs.200600161

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In most cases, the influence to the pH values was affected by the metal hydroxide formation at the alkali side and the hydrogen ion at the acid side. [26][27][28][29] However, the phenomenon of becoming a large value in high acid value or alkali value is not observed in this study.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass

Cheng

Chou

Sun

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An all-solid-state potassium electrode based on tin oxide ͑SnO 2 ͒/indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ glass is developed in this paper. The sensing membrane of the electrode is prepared by mixing poly͑vinyl chloride͒ ͑PVC͒, bis͑2-ethylhexyl͒ sebacate ͑DOS͒, valinomycin ͑VAL͒, and potassium tetrakis͑p-chlorophenyl͒ borate ͑KTpClPB͒. The mixed solution is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran ͑THF͒. Then, it is dropped on the sensing window of SnO 2 /ITO glass. In addition, the Ag/AgCl wire, which is coated PVC membrane containing 3.5 M KCl powder, is used as a miniaturized reference electrode in this study. The optimum experiment of the potassium sensor is conducted by observing the characteristics of sensitivity and selectivity in different weight ratios. After the optimum experimental trials, the best weight ratio of the potassium sensor is PVC:DOS:VAL:KTpClPB ϭ 33:66:4:2. In this optimum condition, the sensitivity is 56.4 mV/decade with linear concentration range between 1 ϫ 10 −5 M and 1 M. The low detection limit of the sensor reaches to 8 ϫ 10 −6 M, and response time is Ͻ1 s. Moreover, the sensor is slight interfered by sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions. The pH variation does not affect its electromotive force in the range between pH 6 and pH 12. The sensor possesses reusable properties showing that it can be repeated, measuring 30 times.The chemical sensors have been developed for many years because those need a simple analytical technique for real application. The growing trend of chemical sensors is miniaturization and all solid state. 1-5 Among the chemical sensors, the potassium sensor is very important for the clinical and medical fields to detect the potassium ion concentration in serum, urine, and food. 2 The normal range of potassium ion concentration in the human serum is between 3.5 mM and 4.7 mM; hence, hypopotassemia, alkalosis, cirrhosis of liver, and diuretic drugs can be detected by measuring the potassium ion in blood. 6 The potassium sensors have been developed for many years; there are many types, such as ion selective electrode ͑ISE͒, ion sensitive field effect transistor ͑ISFET͒, and others types. Umezawas et al. summarized the papers on potassium ion sensors with different ionophores and membrane composition in the years between 1989 and 1997. 7 The performances of sensitivity and selectivity coefficients were summarized in Ref. 7. Afterward, many papers on potassium ion sensors were focused on ionophores and the membrane matrix. 8-10 In addition, the application of the all-solidstate potassium sensor is starting a trend because the device possesses advantages of a long lifetime, low cost, and short response time. Moreover, a miniaturized reference electrode, such as Ag/AgCl wire coated with a PVC membrane containing KCl powder, was used because the size of the miniaturized reference electrode is smaller than reference electrode with a liquid inner salt bridge, such as REF 251 ͑Radiometer, France͒, used in commercial applications. 5 Indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ glass is a material of solar cell and thinfilm tra...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass

Cheng

Chou

Sun

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…It should be stressed that the performance characteristics for the ionophore-incorporated PVC membrane may also be dependent to a great extent on the electrode composition and the solution nature of which the electrodes are composed, [29][30][31] aside from the critical role of the ionophore nature in the PVC membrane electrodes preparation. Consequently, different aspects of membrane composition, which were based on the TP derivatives for histamine, were optimized.…”

Section: Membrane Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PVC‐Based on Thiopyrilium Derivatives Membrane Electrodes for Determination of Histamine

Javanbakht

Mohammadi

Ganjali

et al. 2007

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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This study describes novel histamine-selective electrodes, having their basis on thiopyrilium (TP) derivatives as suitable ionophores. The electrodes were prepared by incorporating the TP derivatives into plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes. These electrodes demonstrate high selectivity as far as the histamine response is considered, as compared with many common inorganic anions and other kinds of amino acids. The influence of membrane composition, pH and the effect of lipophilic cationic and anionic additives on the response characteristics of the electrode were investigated. The resulting sensor based on 2,6-bis(4-dimethyl amino phenyl)-4-phenyl thiopyrilium perchlorate (TP4) responds to histamine in a wide concentration range from 5.0 × 10 -6 to 1.0 × 10 -1 M with a slope of 54.8 ± 0.6 mV decade -1and detection limit of 3.0 m mol L -1 (~0.3 ppm). The electrode illustrates fast response time and good long-term stability (more than 2 months). The ability to design histamine-selective electrodes based on new thiopyrilium derivatives and both to alter selectivity and improve the response characteristics through structural changes to the charged ionophore, has been investigated. The prepared electrode was used for the determination of histamine in a synthetic human serum sample. Consequently, satisfactory recovery results were obtained over a wide concentration range of histamine.

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“…So in connection with this trend and in continuation with our studies to develop selective, preparative, and synthetically useful methodology for preparation [14], application [15,16], and other transformations of various pyrylium and thiopyrylium salts [17][18][19][20], here we wish to report regiospeci�c reduction of triarylpyrylium salts carrying electron-donor or withdrawing groups on phenyl substitutions of 2,4,6positions of pyrylium ring with some of the modi�ed hydride donors such as Zn(BH 4 ) 2 , Zn(BH 4 ) 2 /SiO 2 , borohydride supported on ion exchange resin (BER), and sulfureted borohydride ion exchange resin (SBER). We do hope that these new reagents could perform more efficiency beside facile methodology for regiospeci�c reduction of triarylpyrylium salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%