Novel avian paramyxovirus (APMV-15) isolated from a migratory bird in South America

Abstract

A novel avian paramyxovirus (APMV) isolated from a migratory bird cloacal swab obtained during active surveillance in April 2012 in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Rio Grande do Sul state, South of Brazil was biologically and genetically characterized. The nucleotide sequence of the full viral genome was completed using a next-generation sequencing approach. The genome was 14,952 nucleotides (nt) long, with six genes (3’-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5’) encoding 7 different proteins, typical of APMV. The fusion (F) protein gene of isolate RS-1177 contained 1,707 nucleotides in a single open reading frame encoding a protein of 569 amino acids. The F protein cleavage site contained two basic amino acids (VPKER↓L), typical of avirulent strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome indicated that the virus is related to APMV-10, -2 and -8, with 60.1% nucleotide sequence identity to the closest APMV-10 virus, 58.7% and 58.5% identity to the closest APMV-8 and APMV-2 genome, respectively, and less than 52% identity to representatives of the other APMVs groups. Such distances are comparable to the distances observed among other previously identified APMVs serotypes. These results suggest that unclassified/calidris_fuscicollis/Brazil/RS-1177/2012 is the prototype strain of a new APMV serotype, APMV-15.

Comparative evolutionary and phylogenomic analysis of Avian avulaviruses 1–20

“…Similar findings have been reported in previous studies where maximum nucleotide homology among these avulaviruses (1, 9, 12, 16, 17, previous studies also observed the existence of evolution in avulaviruses (Miller et al, 2009;Xiao et al, 2009;Bui et al, 2014). Susceptibility of diverse host species to all avulaviruses also supports transmission and evolution of avulaviruses (Dimitrov et al, 2016), reasoning the emergence of novel avulaviruses (14, 15, 17, 18, 19 and 20) from various wild/water-fowls in the recent years (Thampaisarn et al, 2017;Thomazelli et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Neira et al, 2017;Karamendin et al, 2017). It is important to indicate that two avulaviruses (MF594548 and KY452442) are reported simultaneously from two different host species and geographical regions.…”

“…Among them, the avulaviruses 1-9 were identified before the 80s; 10-13 were reported up to 2015, whereas 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are novel avulaviruses. These novel and emerging avulaviruses are reported recently from wild/water fowls (Thomazelli et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Neira et al, 2017;Karamendin et al, 2017). Interestingly, these avulaviruses (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 in particular) were isolated during avian influenza (AI) surveillance in wild birds (Miller et al, 2010;Briand et al, 2010;Terregino et al, 2013;Yamamoto et al, 2015;Thampaisan et al, 2017;Thomazelli et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Neira et al, 2017;Karamendin et al, 2017).…”

“…The emergence of novel avulaviruses, year-to-year on-going variations in genome, and the virulent, either low or high, implies that distinct avulaviruses are simultaneously evolving among a wide range of avian hosts, across the globe (Miller et al, 2009;Aldous et al, 2014). A vast majority of previously published literature is limited to biologic and genomic characteristics of individual avulaviruses, particularly avulaviruses 1 (Kumar et al, 2008;Palduri et al, 2009;Samuel et al, 2009;Subbiah et al, 2010;Abolnik et al, 2012;Samel et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2010;Briand et al, 2012;Shabbir et al, 2012a;Shabbir et al, 2012b;Munir et al, 2012a;Munir et al, 2012b;Tian et al, 2012;Shabbir et al, 2013;terregino et al, 2013;Yamamoto et al, 2015;Akhtar et al, 2016;Shabbir et al, 2016;Shabbir et al, 2018;Thampaisarn et al, 2017;Thomazelli et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Neira et al, 2017;Karamendin et al, 2017). Therefore, it is imperative to comprehensively analyse all known avian avulaviruses (specie-type 1-20) and to comparatively assess inter-avulaviruses differences based on not only complete genome but also individual genes.…”

Biological and phylogenetic characterization of a novel hemagglutination-negative avian avulavirus 6 isolated from wild waterfowl in China

“…Avian paramyxoviruses that have been isolated from birds; however, due to changes in taxonomy is now referred to as avian avulavirus (AAvV) (Amarasinghe et al., ). There are 13 described AAvV serotypes (AAvV‐1 to ‐13) based on neuraminidase inhibition tests and hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and eight another putative serotypes have been recently isolated (AAvV‐14 to ‐21) (Jeong et al., ; Lee et al., ; Neira et al., ; Thampaisarn et al., ; Thomazelli et al., ; Yamamoto, Ito, & Ito, ). While very limited information is known about the biological and molecular characteristics of AAvV‐2 to ‐21, extensive study has been mainly conducted on AAvV‐1 (Newcastle disease virus, NDV) (Cardenas‐Garcia et al., ; Umali, Ito, Katoh, & Ito, ).…”

Isolation and Molekular-Genetic Characteristics of the Novel Avian Paramyxovirus Apmv-13

“…In 2015-2017 the reports were published about the discovery of seven novel serotypes of the APMV: from wild geese in Japan [5], Kazakhstan [6] and Ukraine [7], threefromducks in Japan [8], Korea [9] and from sandpiper in Brazil [10]; three more viruses were simultaneously isolated from antarctic penguins [11]. These data suggest that APMV are actively circulating in the wild avifauna and there is a high probability of the occurrence of other pathogenic variants.…”