Not smoking is associated with lower risk of hypertension: results of the Olivetti Heart Study

D’Elia, Lanfranco; Palma, D. De; Rossi, Gian Paolo; Strazzullo, Viviana; Russo, Ornella; Iacone, Roberto; Fazio, Valeria; Strazzullo, Pasquale; Galletti, Ferruccio

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckt041

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As patients with MC are women of upper middle age with former or current smoking in the anamnesis, it is to be expected that asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases will be frequently seen in such a cohort, apart from diseases of autoimmune origin. In the present study, hypertension was the most common concomitant disease, and recent research confirms that smokers have a higher prevalence of hypertension than non-smokers 16. A high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with MC has been described previously, but this was not compared with a control population 17…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Microscopic Colitis is Associated with Several Concomitant Diseases

Roth¹,

Manjer

Ohlsson³

2013

Drug Target�Insights

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Microscopic colitis (MC) is a disease with intestinal mucosal inflammation causing diarrhea, affecting predominantly middle-aged women. The etiology is unknown, but increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases in these patients has been described, although not compared with controls or adjusted for confounding factors. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of common diseases in patients with MC and controls from the general population. Hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma or bronchitis, ischemia, and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in patients than in controls. The prevalence of gastric ulcer and cancer did not differ between the groups. Besides corticosteroids, many patients were also being treated with proton pump inhibitors, antidepressant drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists, statins, thyroid hormones, and beta-blockers. More patients than controls were former or current smokers (72.5% versus 57.7%). Thus, MC patients have an increased prevalence of several diseases, not only of autoimmune origin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Microscopic Colitis is Associated with Several Concomitant Diseases

Roth¹,

Manjer

Ohlsson³

2013

Drug Target�Insights

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“…In this sample of Italian adult male population, after 8 years of follow-up, CS show a greater risk to develop higher level of both 24 h UA excretion and ACR, compared to NS. This relation is independent from other well-known risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity and in agreement with the previous demonstration, in the same study population, that smoking cessation was associated with lower blood pressure increment and minor hypertension risk [13]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Increased Microalbuminuria Risk in Male Cigarette Smokers: Results from the “Olivetti Heart Study” after 8 Years Follow-Up

Barbato

D’Elia

Perna

et al. 2019

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: Association between cigarette smoke and albuminuria (UA) was already demonstrated in cross-sectional studies and in selected population samples (i.e diabetic patients). This study aims to evaluate, prospectively, the relationship between cigarette smoke and UA in a male adult population sample, with basal normal kidney function, participating in the Olivetti Heart Study (OHS). Methods: Among 994 participants, examined in both 1994-95 and 2002-04, were selected those resulted in both visits smokers (n=221) and non-smokers (n=416) and with basal normal kidney function (GFR> 60 mL/min) and basal albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR< 30 mg/g). Results: At baseline, the prevalence of hypertension was 41%, diabetes affected 6.3% and obesity 17% of the whole sample. Smokers showed statistically significant lower levels of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BMI (p< 0.001) compared to non-smokers. There were not basal differences in UA, GFR and metabolic profile. However, at follow-up examination, smokers showed a statistically significant increase in SBP and DBP (p< 0.05), but not in GFR and BMI. Moreover, smokers showed a higher risk compared to non-smokers to be in the higher median levels group of UA (OR: 2.17, C.I.95%: 1.51-3.13; p < 0.001), even after correction for major confounding factors. Further adjustment for basal antihypertensive and hypoglycemic treatment did not change these patterns of association. Conclusion: In a selected male adult population sample, cigarette smoke was independently associated with the development of higher levels of albuminuria over time.

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“…In developed countries, 35% of men and 22% of women smoke, whereas in LMICs, 50% of men and 9% of women are smokers. A favorable association between smoking cessation and BP decrease over time and risk to develop hypertension in an adult sample of generally healthy men has recently been reported [53]. More than 50% of world's population now lives in urban areas where sodium consumption and tobacco use are consistently high [28,54].…”

Section: Prevention Strategies At Population Levelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cardiovascular risk assessment in low-resource settings

Modesti

Agostoni

Agyemang³

et al. 2014

Journal of Hypertension

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The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 confirms ischemic heart disease and stroke as the leading cause of death and that hypertension is the main associated risk factor worldwide. How best to respond to the rising prevalence of hypertension in resource-deprived settings is a topic of ongoing public-health debate and discussion. In low-income and middle-income countries, socioeconomic inequality and cultural factors play a role both in the development of risk factors and in the access to care. In Europe, cultural barriers and poor communication between health systems and migrants may limit migrants from receiving appropriate prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. To use more efficiently resources available and to make treatment cost-effective at the patient level, cardiovascular risk approach is now recommended. In 2011, The European Society of Hypertension established a Working Group on ‘Hypertension and Cardiovascular risk in low resource settings’, which brought together cardiologists, diabetologists, nephrologists, clinical trialists, epidemiologists, economists, and other stakeholders to review current strategies for cardiovascular risk assessment in population studies in low-income and middle-income countries, their limitations, possible improvements, and future interests in screening programs. This report summarizes current evidence and presents highlights of unmet needs.

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Not smoking is associated with lower risk of hypertension: results of the Olivetti Heart Study

Abstract: In this sample of healthy men, smoking cessation was associated with lower BP increment and minor HPT risk, independently of potential confounders.

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Microscopic Colitis is Associated with Several Concomitant Diseases

Microscopic Colitis is Associated with Several Concomitant Diseases

Increased Microalbuminuria Risk in Male Cigarette Smokers: Results from the “Olivetti Heart Study” after 8 Years Follow-Up

Cardiovascular risk assessment in low-resource settings

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