Northern Limits to Fiber Hemp Production in Europe

Pahkala, Katri; Pahkala, Elina; Syrjälä, Heidi

doi:10.1080/15377880802391084

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…MapInfo Vertical Mapper and MapInfo Professional were the software used as described above. Pahkala et al (2008); c) Montonen and Kontturi (1997), Kontturi et al (2004); d) Aniszewski (1988aAniszewski ( , 1988b, Kurlovich et al (2004); e) Hiivola (1966) …”

Section: Estimations For Wintersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland

Peltonen‐Sainio¹,

Jauhiainen²,

Hakala³

2008

AFSci

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change offers new opportunities for Finnish field crop production, which is currently limited by the short growing season. A warmer climate will extend the thermal growing season and the physiologically effective part of it. Winters will also become milder, enabling introduction of winter-sown crops to a greater extent than is possible today. With this study we aim to characterise the likely regional differences in capacity to grow different seed producing crops. Prolongation of the Finnish growing season was estimated using a 0.5º latitude × 0.5º longitude gridded dataset from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The dataset comprised an average estimate from 19 global climate models of the response of Finnish climate to low (B1) and high (A2) scenarios of greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions for 30-year periods centred on 2025, 2055 and 2085 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Growing season temperature sums that suit crop growth and are agronomically feasible in Finland are anticipated to increase by some 140 °Cd by 2025, 300 °Cd by 2055 and 470 °Cd by 2085 in scenario A2, when averaged over regions, and earlier sowing is expected to take place, but not later harvests. Accordingly, the extent of cultivable areas for the commonly grown major and minor crops will increase considerably. Due to the higher base temperature requirement for maize (Zea mays L.) growth than for temperate crops, we estimate that silage maize could become a Finnish field crop for the most favourable growing regions only at the end of this century. Winters are getting milder, but it will take almost the whole century until winters such as those that are typical for southern Sweden and Denmark are experienced on a wide scale in Finland. It is possible that introduction of winter-sown crops (cereals and rapeseed) will represent major risks due to fluctuating winter conditions, and this could delay their adaptation for many decades. Such risks need to be studied in more detail to estimate timing of introduction. Prolonged physiologically effective growing seasons would increase yielding capacities of major field crops. Of the current minor crops, oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) are particularly strong candidates to become major crops. Moreover, they have good potential for industrial processing and are currently being bred. Realisation of increased yield potential requires adaptation to 1) elevated daily mean temperatures that interfere with development rate of seed crops under long days, 2) relative reductions in water availability at critical phases of yield determination, 3) greater pest and disease pressure, 4) other uncertainties caused by weather extremes and 5) generally greater need for inputs such as nitrogen fertilisers for non-nitrogen fixing crops. Key-words:Climate change, cultivation area, yield, potential, barley, oat, wheat, rye, triticale, rapeseed, pea, maize, seed crops, minor...

show abstract

Section: Estimations For Wintersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland

Peltonen‐Sainio¹,

Jauhiainen²,

Hakala³

2008

AFSci

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For papermakers, the yield of dry hemp stalks per hectare is more useful information than the yield of hemp biomass. The ranges of values of this index are quite different, depending on the cultivar of hemp and the geographical area where the cultivation of hemp is located, from a minimum of about 5 t/ha/y to as much as 22 t/ha/y (Struik et al 2000;Bawyer 2001;Pahkala et al 2008;Angelini et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the plants that grows in moderate or boreal climate areas is industrial hemp (Kane 2000;Pahkala et al 2008). The advantage of hemp over cereal straw is a higher biomass yield per hectare of cultivation (Bawyer 2001;Burczyk et al 2009;Prade et al 2011;Consentino et al 2013;Finnan and Styles 2013;Jankauskiené and Gruzdiené 2015) and lower content of mineral substances than in wheat straw.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and fibre characterisation of bleached hemp, birch and pine pulps: a comparison

Danielewicz

Surma-Ślusarska

2017

Cellulose

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The papermaking potential of bleached kraft pulps made from hemp stalks, hemp woody-core and hemp bast fibres was studied and compared with that of bleached birch pulp and pine kraft pulp. It has been shown that among the pulps from these raw materials, hemp stalk pulp has the most useful properties for papermaking. The disadvantages of hemp woody-core pulp and hemp bast fibre pulp as papermaking intermediates proved to be low tear resistance and low tensile strength, respectively. Results indicate that the main reasons for the low tensile strength of hemp bast fibre pulp are the low susceptibility of their fibres for internal fibrillation and low hemicellulose content. The technology used in this work for the processing of hemp bast fibres into papermaking pulp made it possible to obtain pulp with high a-cellulose content from this fibrous raw material with a high yield in a much simpler way than when such pulps are obtained from wood.

show abstract

“…In Jokioinen, twelve fibre hemp varieties were sown on 17 May 2004: Beniko*, Bialobrzeskie*, Chamaeleon, Dioica, Epsylon, Fedora*, Felina, Ferimon, Fibranova, Futura*, Lovrin, and Tiborszállási*. Yield data of this experiment were reported by Pahkala et al (2008). On 27 April 2007, five of these varieties (those marked with an asterisk), covering the wide range in fibre content that was found in the Finnish experiment, were sown in Achterberg.…”

Section: Materials and Methods 2 Experimental Design 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen fertiliser was applied at a rate of 120 kg N ha -1 . This amount was based on an experiment in 2003 at the same site (Pahkala et al, 2008). No irrigation was applied.…”

Section: Materials and Methods 2 Experimental Design 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemp for textiles : plant size matters

Westerhuis¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) may be an alternative to cotton and synthetic fibres as a raw material for textile yarn production in the European Union. The agronomic options to manipulate plant development and crop growth with the aim to optimise hemp long fibre production were investigated. Field trials with factors sowing density, sowing date, harvest time and variety were conducted. Stems were traditionally processed by retting, drying, breaking, and scutching. Following standard protocols, almost 1500 hemp stem samples were analysed. Varieties differ widely in their fibre content, but this thesis shows that when variety and plant size are known, the amounts of fibres, wood, and retting losses are known. The dry weight of the stems at harvest, not the factors underlying this weight, are determinant. In retted stems the dry matter is split-up into fibres and wood in a fixed way. The options to manipulate this ratio by crop management, given variety, are very small and for practical reasons they can be neglected. In fibre hemp two bast fibre types occur. Primary or long fibres are valuable for yarn spinning. Secondary fibres are too short and their presence hampers the production of fine yarns. This thesis shows that the secondary fibre front height increases with plant weight. Although a causal relationship between secondary fibre formation and flowering does not exist, the secondary fibre front is found higher in flowering plants when compared to non-flowering plants of the same height. This is likely to be caused by the higher weight or momentum of flowering plants as compared with non-flowering plants of the same height.Consequently, a harvest before flowering is preferable. This was shown in a greenhouse experiment, in which the short-day response of hemp was used to create size ranges of flowering and non-flowering plants. To produce high-quality raw materials for textile production, short crops should be grown. The options to produce plants with the desired size are manifold. Since sowing density, sowing date, and harvest time do not have an additional effect on the primary fibre content besides the indirect effect through stem weight, any combination of these factors could be chosen to optimize plant size.

show abstract

Northern Limits to Fiber Hemp Production in Europe

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland

Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland

Properties and fibre characterisation of bleached hemp, birch and pine pulps: a comparison

Hemp for textiles : plant size matters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About