Norovirus Detection at Oualidia Lagoon, a Moroccan Shellfish Harvesting Area, by Reverse Transcription PCR Analysis

Moqri, Naima El; Mellouli, Fatiha El; Hassou, Najwa; Benhafid, Mohammed; Abouchoaib, Nabil; Etahiri, Samira

doi:10.1007/s12560-019-09386-0

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Morocco is a temperate country, and winter peaks in outbreaks are related to enteric pollution. 42 The seasonality of environmental contamination with Rotavirus A was similar to that reported by Benhafid et al 43 The Oued El Maleh Estuary is a gathering place for migratory birds and is located 1 km from an old landfill, from which leachate is transported by the river. Additional sources of pollution include waste water from people not served by sanitation, butcher companies, and the municipal slaughterhouse.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Molecular Detection of Rotavirus in Mollusks from the Oued El Maleh Estuary of Mohammedia, Morocco

Hatib¹,

Hassou²,

Benani³

et al. 2021

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Viral outbreaks can result from the consumption of contaminated bivalve mollusks. However, despite the regulation related to enteric bacteria in food products, the consumption of raw and undercooked mollusks remains linked to viral epidemics in human populations. Real-time RT-PCR is a highly sensitive approach for detecting and quantifying enteric viruses, and after eliminating enzymatic amplification inhibitors from samples of interest, sensitive and specific tests, like real-time RT-PCR, can facilitate the detection and quantification of a wide range of viruses that are concentrated in mollusk digestive tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of Group-A rotaviruses in mussel (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758) specimens (n=576) collected downstream of the Oued El Maleh Estuary, which is along the coast of Mohammedia City in Morocco, using real-time RT-PCR. Rotavirus A RNA was detected in 37.5% (n=18) of the 48 sample batches, and viral loads ranged from 0.42×101 to 1.8603×104 genomic copies per g digestive tissue. Most (72.22%) of the positive samples were collected during the wet season (September-April), and the probability of detecting rotaviruses was significantly greater during the wet season than during the dry season (P<0.001). Monitoring Rotavirus A and similar viruses in shellfish may help prevent viral contamination and preserve public health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Molecular Detection of Rotavirus in Mollusks from the Oued El Maleh Estuary of Mohammedia, Morocco

Hatib¹,

Hassou²,

Benani³

et al. 2021

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…These studies were identified by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for studies which included terms such as "enteric virus", "rotavirus", "norovirus", "sapovirus", "calicivirus", "astrovirus", "enterovirus", "hepatitis A virus", "aichivirus", "hepatitis E virus", "adenovirus", "bocavirus", "shellfish", "mussel", "cockle", "periwinkle", "oyster" "Africa" and the names of African countries. The first report was published by Karamoko et al (2005), who detected HAdV in 20% of mussel samples grown in Casablanca, Morocco (Karamoko et al 2005 (Karamoko et al 2006a;Benabbes et al 2013b;El Moqri et al 2019). Polo et al (2010) detected…”

Section: Enteric Viruses In African Shellfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa

2021

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Enteric viruses are a diverse group of human pathogens which are primarily transmitted by the faecal-oral route and are a major cause of non-bacterial diarrhoeal disease in both developed and developing countries. Because they are shed in high numbers by infected individuals and can persist for a long time in the environment, they pose a serious threat to human health globally. Enteric viruses end up in the environment mainly through discharge or leakage of raw or inadequately treated sewage into water sources such as springs, rivers, dams, or marine estuaries. Human exposure then follows when contaminated water is used for drinking, cooking, or recreation and, importantly, when filter-feeding bivalve shellfish are consumed. The human health hazard posed by enteric viruses is particularly serious in Africa where rapid urbanisation in a relatively short period of time has led to the expansion of informal settlements with poor sanitation and failing or non-existent wastewater treatment infrastructure, and where rural communities with limited or no access to municipal water are dependent on nearby open water sources for their subsistence. The role of sewage-contaminated water and bivalve shellfish as vehicles for transmission of enteric viruses is well documented but, to our knowledge, has not been comprehensively reviewed in the African context. Here we provide an overview of enteric viruses and then review the growing body of research where these viruses have been detected in association with sewage-contaminated water or food in several African countries. These studies highlight the need for more research into the prevalence, molecular epidemiology and circulation of these viruses in Africa, as well as for development and application of innovative wastewater treatment approaches to reduce environmental pollution and its impact on human health on the continent.

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“…Shellfish are known to accumulate human pathogens, such as human enteric viruses (e.g., rotavirus in mussels [ 52 , 53 ], enterovirus [ 32 , 54 ], HAV [ 26 , 55 ], and norovirus [ 27 , 56 , 57 ] in oysters).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bivalve mollusks can be the main vector for transmission of enteric diseases [25], caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) [26], norovirus [27], hepatitis E virus (HEV) [28], adenovirus, rotavirus, enterovirus, and astrovirus [29][30][31][32]. Tese viruses can cause gastroenteritis and viral hepatitis [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Mussels from Cherrat Estuary in Morocco: Detection by Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Analysis

Bazir

Hassou

Mellouli³

et al. 2022

Advances in Virology

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) contamination in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Cherrat estuary (Moroccan Atlantic Coast), Morocco. In total, 52 samples (n = 12 mussels/each) were collected at four sites in the estuary, monthly, between March 2019 and March 2020. HAV and HEV were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) according to the ISO/TS 15216 method. HAV was detected in 46.15% of analyzed samples. Conversely, HEV was not detected in any sample. Moreover, the HAV detection rate was significantly associated with seasonal rainfall variations. This qualitative study on HAV and HEV contamination highlights the interest of studying mussel samples from wild areas. As HAV presence in mussels represents a potential health risk, viral contamination surveillance of mussels is necessary to protect consumers. HAV shellfish contamination must be monitored at Cherrat estuary because of the role played by shellfish as HAV reservoirs and/or vehicles in fecal-oral HAV transmission.

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Norovirus Detection at Oualidia Lagoon, a Moroccan Shellfish Harvesting Area, by Reverse Transcription PCR Analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Molecular Detection of Rotavirus in Mollusks from the Oued El Maleh Estuary of Mohammedia, Morocco

Molecular Detection of Rotavirus in Mollusks from the Oued El Maleh Estuary of Mohammedia, Morocco

Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa

Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Mussels from Cherrat Estuary in Morocco: Detection by Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Analysis

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