Normative, positive and econometric mathematical programming as tools for incorporation of multifunctionality in agricultural policy modelling

A multi-agent simulation model for spatial optimisation of manure allocation

“…Two, we make use of a normative approach whereas Berger (2001) and Schreinemachers et al (2007) calibrated the model to a base situation (positive modelling approach) 1 . As the focus of the model is describing and exploring the current situation, it can be argued that normative modelling can be used (Buysse et al, 2007). Three, our model focuses only on the manure management problem given the current situation (crop-mix, types of livestock, profitability, etc).…”

Применение Экологического Блока Критериальных Ограничений В Экономико-Математическом Моделировании Органического Производства В АПК

“…В то же время с потребительской точки зрения наибольший интерес представляет энергетическая ценность произведенной на данной площади сельскохозяйственной продукции и ее экологическая безопасность (Amadou, Barbier, 2015;Gabriel et al, 2013;Hachatryan et al, 2008). Вследствие этого становится актуальной задача эколого-экономической оценки сельскохозяйственного производства, для комплексного решения которой нами предлагается использовать экономико-математическую модель оптимизации структуры посевных площадей с введением дополнительного блока органических (экологических) критериальных ограничений (Buysse et al, 2007;Dik, 2001;Nemes, 2009). …”

Positive Mathematical Programming for Farm Planning: Review

“…The economic profit and environmental load evaluated at the theoretical optimum point therefore deviate from their observed values, meaning that the traditional approach does not adequately reproduce the very starting point in the simulation of trade-offs between the economic and environmental impacts of production. In the traditional farm modeling, the gap between the theoretically optimized economic gain and the observed value has been interpreted as an index of economic inefficiency in the farming system, and the theoretical result on the area allocation was regarded as the ultimate goal producers should strive to reduce the inefficiency in the system, which is why traditional MP is referred to as a normative MP 4 . Although this interpretation is convenient for discussing the potential of a farming system and a direction for its economic improvement, the reliability of such an analysis heavily depends on whether observed producer behaviors are properly captured in the model.…”

“…This latest generation can be interpreted as providing a statistical solution to the ambiguity involved in choosing a calibration method in the first-and second-generation models. This latest generation also enabled the employment of multiple reference points rather than a single reference point 4 , allowing to narrow the gap between the previous PMP generations and econometric approaches that deal with a large number of observations 13 . Although PMP studies have contributed to reproducing a given reference point (or approximating reference points) from the three generations, the contributions have been limited to a static analysis.…”