Normal CD4 Count Range among Healthy Nigerian Population in Ilorin

Afolabi, Joseph K; Fadeyi, Abayomi; Desalu, Olufemi Olumuyiwa; Durotoye, Idayat Adenike; Fawibe, Ademola Emmanuel; Adeboye, Man; Olawumi, HO; Babatunde, Abiola S.; Ernest, SK; Aderibigbe, S.A.; Saadu, R; Salami, AK; Aboyeji, AP

doi:10.1177/2325957414530472

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Additionally, urban vaccine study participants demonstrated higher granulocyte counts. Here we show that, consistent with other studies in Africa [ 6 , 21 , 23 , 33 ], and elsewhere [ 21 , 34 ] populations in different geographic locations may have statistically significant differences in lymphocyte and other hematological parameters. The reason for this variation across Ugandan populations remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This is in agreement with other studies done in Uganda and elsewhere, for T cell subsets [ 4 – 6 , 9 , 18 – 21 ]. Also, immunological differences between male and female children have previously been observed, albeit not consistently [ 20 – 23 ]. The underlying basis for this sex difference has not been elucidated, however variance in the normal ranges of lymphocyte subsets may contribute to differential immune responses to infection, vaccination, or treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex and Urbanicity Contribute to Variation in Lymphocyte Distribution across Ugandan Populations

et al. 2016

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Management of patient care and interpretation of research data require evaluation of laboratory results in the context of reference data from populations with known health status to adequately diagnose disease or make a physiological assessment. Few studies have addressed the diversity of lymphocyte subsets in rural and urban Ugandan populations. Here, 663 healthy blood bank donors from semi-urban centers of Kampala consented to participate in a study to define lymphocyte reference ranges. Whole blood immunophenotyping was performed to determine the frequency and absolute counts of T, B, and NK cells using clinical flow cytometry. Results from blood bank donors were compared to a rural cohort from the district of Kayunga and more urban clinical trial participants from the capital city, Kampala. Relationships between hematological and lymphocyte parameters were also explored. In the semi-urban blood donors, females were significantly different from males in all parameters except the frequency of CD8 T and B cells. Females had higher absolute counts of CD4 T, CD8 T and B cells, whereas males had higher NK cell counts. NK cell frequency and counts were significantly higher in semi-urban blood donors, regardless of sex, compared to more urban study participants. CD8 T cell frequency and counts were significantly higher in the blood donors compared to the rural participants, irrespective of sex. Interestingly, basophil counts were positively associated with overall T cell counts. These findings suggest that both sex and level of cohort urbanicity may influence lymphocyte subset distributions in Ugandans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Urbanicity Contribute to Variation in Lymphocyte Distribution across Ugandan Populations

et al. 2016

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“…In this study, absolute count CD4 T cell counts were higher in females compared to males which is similar to findings from studies in other African and Asian countries [6,8,13,14,34], which has been associated with hormonal differences [61]. The median CD4 count in this cohort is comparable to those reported from the Central African Republic [12] and Malawi [56] but is higher than median values from Tanzania [10], Nigeria [62], Uganda [6], and Ethiopia [11].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 87%

Clinical laboratory reference values in adults in Kisumu County, Western Kenya; hematology, chemistry and CD4

et al. 2021

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Background Clinical laboratory reference intervals (RIs) are essential for diagnosing and managing patients in routine clinical care as well as establishing eligibility criteria and defining adverse events in clinical trials, but may vary by age, gender, genetics, nutrition and geographic location. It is, therefore, critical to establish region-specific reference values in order to inform clinical decision-making. Methods We analyzed data from a prospective observational HIV incidence cohort study in Kombewa, Kenya. Study participants were healthy males and females, aged 18–35 years, without HIV. Median and 95% reference values (2.5th percentile to 97.5th percentile) were calculated for laboratory parameters including hematology, chemistry studies, and CD4 T cell count. Standard Deviation Ratios (SDR) and Bias Ratios (BR) are presented as measures of effect magnitude. Findings were compared with those from the United States and other Kenyan studies. Results A total of 299 participants were analyzed with a median age of 24 years (interquartile range: 21–28). Ratio of males to females was 0.9:1. Hemoglobin range (2.5th—97.5th percentiles) was 12.0–17.9 g/dL and 9.5–15.3 g/dL in men and women respectively. In the cohort, MCV range was 59-95fL, WBC 3.7–9.2×103/μL, and platelet 154–401×103/μL. Chemistry values were higher in males; the creatinine RI was 59–103 μmol/L in males vs. 46–76 μmol/L in females (BRUL>.3); and the alanine transferase range was 8.8–45.3 U/L in males vs. 7.5–36.8 U/L in females (SDR>.3). The overall CD4 T cell count RI was 491–1381 cells/μL. Some parameters including hemoglobin, neutrophil, creatinine and ALT varied with that from prior studies in Kenya and the US. Conclusion This study not only provides clinical reference intervals for a population in Kisumu County but also highlights the variations in comparable settings, accentuating the requirement for region-specific reference values to improve patient care, scientific validity, and quality of clinical trials in Africa.

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“…Note that in our study, majority of the patients (81%) were currently on ART and are being monitored regularly by ART clinicians. Additionally, females represents a higher percentage of our study participants and HIV infected female individuals have been reported to have significantly higher CD4 count than their male counterparts [49]. Additionally, women generally showed consistently improved immunological response to ART treatment than men [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, females represents a higher percentage of our study participants and HIV infected female individuals have been reported to have significantly higher CD4 count than their male counterparts [49]. Additionally, women generally showed consistently improved immunological response to ART treatment than men [49]. Women also do present to hospital earlier than men thereby promoting better uptake of HIV treatment among women which further contribute to improve immunologic outcomes than men [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of HIV and malaria parasites co-infection on immune-hematological profiles among patients attending anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Infectious Disease Hospital Kano, Nigeria

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria co-infection may present worse health outcomes in the tropics. Information on HIV/malaria co-infection effect on immune-hematological profiles is critical for patient care and there is a paucity of such data in Nigeria.ObjectiveTo evaluate immune-hematological profiles among HIV infected patients compared to HIV/malaria co-infected for ART management improvement.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study conducted at Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano. A total of 761 consenting adults attending ART clinic were randomly selected and recruited between June and December 2015. Participants’ characteristics and clinical details including two previous CD4 counts were collected. Venous blood sample (4ml) was collected in EDTA tube for malaria parasite diagnosis by rapid test and confirmed with microscopy. Hematological profiles were analyzed by Sysmex XP-300 and CD4 count by Cyflow cytometry. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 using Chi-Square test for association between HIV/malaria parasites co-infection with age groups, gender, ART, cotrimoxazole and usage of treated bed nets. Mean hematological profiles by HIV/malaria co-infection and HIV only were compared using independent t-test and mean CD4 count tested by mixed design repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical significant difference at probability of <0.05 was considered for all variables.ResultsOf the 761 HIV infected, 64% were females, with a mean age of ± (SD) 37.30 (10.4) years. Prevalence of HIV/malaria co-infection was 27.7% with Plasmodium falciparum specie accounting for 99.1%. No statistical significant difference was observed between HIV/malaria co-infection in association to age (p = 0.498) and gender (p = 0.789). A significantly (p = 0.026) higher prevalence (35.2%) of co-infection was observed among non-ART patients compared to (26%) ART patients. Prevalence of co-infection was significantly lower (20.0%) among cotrimoxazole users compared to those not on cotrimoxazole (37%). The same significantly lower co-infection prevalence (22.5%) was observed among treated bed net users compared to those not using treated bed nets (42.9%) (p = 0.001). Out of 16 hematology profiles evaluated, six showed significant difference between the two groups (i) packed cell volume (p = <0.001), (ii) mean cell volume (p = 0.005), (iii) mean cell hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.011), (iv) absolute lymphocyte count (p = 0.022), (v) neutrophil percentage count (p = 0.020) and (vi) platelets distribution width (p = <0.001). Current mean CD4 count cell/μl (349±12) was significantly higher in HIV infected only compared to co-infected (306±17), (p = 0.035). A significantly lower mean CD4 count (234.6 ± 6.9) was observed among respondents on ART compared to non-ART (372.5 ± 13.2), p<0.001, mean difference = -137.9).ConclusionThe study revealed a high burden of HIV and malaria co-infection among the studied population. Co-infection was significantly lower among patients who use treated bed nets as well as cotrimoxazole chemotherapy and...

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Normal CD4 Count Range among Healthy Nigerian Population in Ilorin

Abstract: We therefore advocate the use of CD4 count range derived in this study is lower than that of the national reference values.

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Sex and Urbanicity Contribute to Variation in Lymphocyte Distribution across Ugandan Populations

Sex and Urbanicity Contribute to Variation in Lymphocyte Distribution across Ugandan Populations

Clinical laboratory reference values in adults in Kisumu County, Western Kenya; hematology, chemistry and CD4

Effect of HIV and malaria parasites co-infection on immune-hematological profiles among patients attending anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Infectious Disease Hospital Kano, Nigeria

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