Noradrenergic responses of spinal neurons in locus coeruleus-spinal cord co-cultures

Pun, Raymund Y.K.; Marshall, K.C.; Hendelman, Walter; Guthrie, Peter B.; Nelson, Phillip G.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-01-00181.1985

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Hyperpolarizing inhibitory responses to iontophoresed NE have been reported in many CNS areas, including spinal motoneurons (Phillis et al, 1968;Weight and Salmoiraghi, 1967) and spinal cord explants (Pun et al, 1985), although the specificity of the motoneuron response has been questioned (Engberg et al, 1976). We also sometimes observed early hyperpolarizations after LL region stimulation and, in hyperinnervated motoneurons, a lower membrane potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In locus coeruleus-spinal cord cocultures, Pun et al (1985) observed an alpha-adrenergic-mediated depolarization following NE iontophoresis or stimulation of the LC. The depolarization was sometimes preceded by a hyperpolarization similar to the biphasic responses we observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In both the facial nucleus (VanderMalen and Aghajanian, 1980) and in tissue culture (Pun et al, 1985) NE-mediated depolarization is accompanied by decreased membrane conductance, most likely of potassium ions. We did not observe decreases in membrane conductance during the LL region-evoked PSP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noradrenergic hyperinnervation of the motor trigeminal nucleus: alterations in membrane properties and responses to synaptic input

Vornov¹,

Sutin²

1986

J. Neurosci.

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The physiological consequences of the noradrenergic (NE) hyperinnervation of the rat brain stem produced by neonatal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was studied in the motor trigeminal nucleus. Stimulation of the region of the lateral lemniscus, the source of the noradrenergic innervation of the nucleus, facilitated the masseteric reflex for up to 200 msec in both normal and hyperinnervated animals. The peak facilitation was 71% larger in the NE hyperinnervated animals and was reduced by systemically administered alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Intracellular recordings revealed that the mean resting potential of NE hyperinnervated trigeminal motoneurons was 3 mV more hyperpolarized than that of normal cells. The mean input resistance of NE hyperinnervated motoneurons was reduced from 1.83 +/- 0.15 to 1.22 +/- 0.19 M Omega. NE hyperinnervation increased the amplitude of the monosynaptic EPSP evoked by stimulation of primary afferent cell bodies in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MesV) by 65%. The mean rise time of the EPSP was increased in NE hyperinnervated motoneurons while the mean half-width was unchanged, suggesting a shift in the distribution of primary afferent terminals away from the motoneuron soma. Stimulation of the lateral lemniscus region produced a predominantly depolarizing PSP with a time course similar to that of the reflex facilitation. The amplitude of the depolarization in NE hyperinnervated motoneurons was not significantly different from that of controls. During this lateral lemniscus region-evoked PSP, stimulation of MesV produced an EPSP of increased amplitude, associated with a decrease or no change in input resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Noradrenergic hyperinnervation of the motor trigeminal nucleus: alterations in membrane properties and responses to synaptic input

Vornov¹,

Sutin²

1986

J. Neurosci.

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“…By contrast, in this study in freely moving cats, applied NE had no excitatory effect on tonic GG muscle activity, but significantly reduced GG muscle activity during both W and light SWS. Other studies have also shown that NE is not always excitatory, but can also cause hyperpolarization and hence suppression of motoneuron activity (Pun et al, 1985;Vornov and Sutin, 1986). It seems likely that this depressant effect of NE may be mediated by a 2 -adrenoceptors located on HMN.…”

Section: Ne and Gg Muscle Activitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Application of histamine or serotonin to the hypoglossal nucleus increases genioglossus muscle activity across the wake–sleep cycle

Neuzeret

Sakai

Gormand

et al. 2009

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMAR Y The decrease in genioglossus (GG) muscle activity during sleep, especially rapid eye movement (REM) or paradoxical sleep, can lead to airway occlusion and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The hypoglossal nucleus innervating the GG muscle is under the control of serotonergic, noradrenergic and histaminergic neurons that cease firing during paradoxical sleep. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect on GG muscle activity during different wake-sleep states of the microdialysis application of serotonin, histamine (HA) or noradrenaline (NE) to the hypoglossal nucleus in freely moving cats. Six adult cats were implanted with electroencephalogram, electrooculogram and neck electromyogram electrodes to record wake-sleep states and with GG muscle and diaphragm electrodes to record respiratory muscle activity. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the hypoglossal nucleus for monoamine application. Changes in GG muscle activity were assessed by power spectrum analysis. In the baseline conditions, tonic GG muscle activity decreased progressively and significantly from wakefulness to slow-wave sleep and even further during slow-wave sleep with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves and paradoxical sleep. Application of serotonin or HA significantly increased GG muscle activity during the wake-sleep states when compared with controls. By contrast, NE had no excitatory effect. Our results indicate that both serotonin and HA have a potent excitatory action on GG muscle activity, suggesting multiple aminergic control of upper airway muscle activity during the wake-sleep cycle. These data might help in the development of pharmacological approaches for the treatment of OSA.k e y w o r d s genioglossus, histamine, hypoglossus, noradrenaline, obstructive sleep apnoea, serotonin, sleep INTRODUCTIONThe activity of the genioglossus (GG) muscle, innervated by the hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus (HMN), contributes to the maintenance of upper airway patency (Ryan and Bradley, 2005;White, 2006). During sleep, especially rapid eye movement (REM) or paradoxical sleep (PS), GG muscle activity decreases in animals (Horner et al., 2002;Megirian et al., 1985) and humans (Katz and White, 2004;Sauerland and Harper, 1976). In individuals with an anatomically small pharyngeal airway, this decrease in GG muscle activity can lead to airway occlusion (Remmers et al., 1978), i.e. obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), a sleep disorder affecting up to 4% of adults (Young et al., 1993). The mechanisms responsible for this selective obstruction of the upper airway during PS remain unclear and pharmacological therapies have not Correspondence: Pierre-Charles Neuzeret, INSERM U628, Physiologie Inte´gre´e du Syste`me dÕEveil,

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“…Alpha receptormediated excitation of the spinal cord neurons by stimulating the LC and NA has been observed in LC-spinal cord cocultures (Pun et al, 1985). These findings imply that the a,-adrenergic receptor mediates activation of the spinal neurons.…”

Section: Previously Dementioning

confidence: 76%

Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons as a micturition center

Sasa¹,

Yoshimura²

1994

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The micturition reflex arch is composed of an afferent pathway from the urinary bladder to the pontine micturition center via the pelvic nerve and spinal cord. The efferent pathway projects from the center to the bladder through the sacral parasympathetic center of intermediolateral column cells. The pontine micturition center is thought to be noradrenergic (NA) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) due to the following observations: (1) LC stimulation induces bladder contraction in cats, and this response is blocked by intrathecal application of alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist (prazosin), but not the alpha 2- nor beta-adrenergic antagonist. Although this contraction is not observed after NA depletion with reserpine, with subsequent i.v. injection of L-dopa a NA precursor induces recurrence of the response. (2) The micturition reflex induced by bladder distention is similarly reversed with alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist and chemical destruction of NA cells by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine in the LC. However, subsequently applied alpha 1-adrenergic agonist induces the contraction due to bladder distention. (3) LC stimulation elicits spike generation of sacral intermediolateral cells. Microiontophoretically applied alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist inhibits the LC stimulation-induced spikes of the neuron, which is not antidromically activated by pelvic nerve stimulation. However, spikes in neurons activated antidromically were not affected by the drug. This indicates that the former and latter neurons are interneuron and parasympathetic projecting neurons, respectively. The existence of NA terminals from the LC and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in the intermediolateral column cells supports the concept that NA cells in the LC are units constituting the micturition center.

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Noradrenergic responses of spinal neurons in locus coeruleus-spinal cord co-cultures

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Noradrenergic hyperinnervation of the motor trigeminal nucleus: alterations in membrane properties and responses to synaptic input

Noradrenergic hyperinnervation of the motor trigeminal nucleus: alterations in membrane properties and responses to synaptic input

Application of histamine or serotonin to the hypoglossal nucleus increases genioglossus muscle activity across the wake–sleep cycle

Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons as a micturition center

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