Nontarget effects of monocrotophos and quinaiphos towards Anabaena torulosa isolated from rice soil

Bhaskar, Emmanuel; Sreenivasulu, C.; Venkateswarlu, Kadiyala

doi:10.1016/s0944-5013(11)80089-3

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…At the end of the first decade of the century the pesticide use intensity in cardamom rose to four fold (27.3 kg a.i) on per hectare basis. Such heavy application of pesticides would have negative impact on the cardamom ecosystem because it is estimated that of the total amount of pesticides for pest control, only a small part (< 0.1%) actually reaches the sites of action (Pimental, 2007;Wang & Liu, 2007) Pesticides damage wide variety of beneficial microorganisms (as they persist in soils and other ecosystem components) particularly nitrogen fixing organisms (Bhaskar et al, 1984;Haselkorn, 1992;Anand & Subramanian, 1997;Rajendran et al, 2007;Gangawane, 1980), therefore affect nutrient dynamics in soil systems. The quantity of risk weighed active ingredients for cardamom is 3.326 kg ha -1 and while it is 0.0297 kg ha -1 for tea.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Use in Indian Cardamom Hills

Murugan

Shetty

George

et al. 2014

International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development

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Surveys and analyses among cardamom and tea planters were carried out in and around cardamom hill reserves during 2009-2012 to quantify the annual pesticide consumption of cardamom and tea. The survey revealed that cardamom had consumed 26.59 kg a.i ha-1 in comparison with tea (8.70kg a.i ha-1). Pesticide intensity of cardamom (0.0322 kg kg-1) was higher than tea (0.0046 kg kg-1). Risk weighed active ingredients values were 3.326 and 0.029 kg ha-1 for cardamom and tea respectively. The pesticide use intensity in major cardamom growing areas of the CHR has experienced significant increase from 2002 and 2003. It was 7.10 kg a.i ha-1 in the year 2002 and decreased slightly to 5.42 kg a.i ha-1 for the year 2003. The number of pesticide sprays has been increased during the last two years (2011-2012). Pesticide residues in soils of all three cardamom growing hot spots were high. Hospital data of these cardamom hot spot regions showed higher levels of pesticide poisonings particularly for organophosphorous compounds. Therefore, the analysis and results reported here on pesticide consumption by cardamom and tea must be taken seriously to safeguard the degraded rainforest cardamom agroforestry system.

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