Nonspecific Immunity in Bacterial Dysbiosis and Bacterial Vaginosis

Abstract

Relevance. The state of dysbiosis and bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the formation of both systemic and local immune deficiency, which corresponds to the increase in the number of pathogenic microbiota. It is necessary to study the state of non-specific factors of cellular and humoral resistance in the development of bacterial dysbiosis and BV.
 Objectives – to determine the state of nonspecific immunity in bacterial dysbiosis and BV on CD16-cells, as well as indicators in the blood and vaginal fluid phagocyte leukocytes activity (PhLA) and the content of the components of complement C3 and C4.
 Material and methods. Data from 298 women were divided into groups according to index of pathogenic microbiota condition (IPMC) and the pathogenic microbiota indicator (PMI): normocenosis (n=53), dysbiosis I (n=128) and II degree (n=117), among the last allocated 83 patients with PMI>1 lg gE/sample, which was installed BV. Molecular genetic studies of posterolateral wall of the vagina epithelium scrapings was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Quantitatively determined by facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria, myco- and ureaplasma, yeast-like fungi. Quantification of the cells CD16+ was performed using erythrocyte diagnosticum (LTD Granum, Ukraine). Traditional immunological methods determined by the PhLA, and components of complement C3 and C4 in blood and vaginal fluid. For statistical and regression analysis used the software Statistica 10 (StatSoft, Inc., USA).
 Results. With the progression of dysbiosis has been an increase in the level of blood CD16-cells, which reached maximum at dysbiosis II degree (by 1.1-1.2 times; p≤0,005). With an increase in dysbiosis shows the formation of the phagocytosis failure, which was more common to BV and took place both at systemic and local levels (reducing the umbilical cord blood is 2.5 times 5.4 times in vaginal fluid). The complement components content were varied in the same way in the blood and vaginal fluid – increases in dysbiosis I degree and decreased with dysbiosis II degree, maximum degree, – in BV (C3 – 1.6 times in the blood and 5.0 times in vaginal secretions; p<0.001). Changes of the examined parameters was more pronounced at the local level, which contributed to the BV development.
 Conclusions. With the progression of bacterial dysbiosis formed the insufficiency of non-specific immunity both at the system level and locally. Changes of the studied indicators in vaginal secretions was more pronounced, which contributed to the development of BV.

The relationship between the immune system activity and the bacterial vaginosis development

“…Our previous studies [17,18,21,22] showed that in dysbiosis on the background of general lymphocytosis there was a gradual, related to the increasing severity of dysbiosis, decrease in the content of CD3-and CD4-lymphocytes in blood, which was expressed to a In this work, we focus on identifying the interrelations between the immunological parameters studied and the PCR data with the estimation of the number of certain biocenosis indicators. Table 1 In normocenosis, NBI was determined by complement activation (component C4);…”

“…We have previously shown [17,22] According to the results obtained, dependence of key microbial factors on immune system indicators was analyzed (Table 3). Regression analysis was performed for all indicators, but only statistically significant ones (p <0.05) are presented in the Table3.…”

“…In grade II dysbiosis, only for LPA (level of which in the vaginal content was decreased [21] Ureaplasma urealiticum + parvum and Mycoplasma hominis + genitalium, which either were not detected or were very low in normocenosis [17,22], in dysbiosis had an inverse dependence only on IgG (only Ureaplasma urealiticum + parvum in grade I dysbiosis). For IgA and IL10, the dependence was direct.…”

“…Biota was quantified by the following indicators [16] Criteria for the distribution of patients into groups was an index of conditionally pathogenic microflora (ICPM) which was calculated as the difference between the sum of all conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and the number of lactobacilli in lg GE/sample. In normocenosis ICPM was lower than -3 lg GE/sample (1 st group, n = 53); in grade I dysbiosis it was from -3 to -1 lg GE/sample (2 nd group, n = 128); and in grade II dysbiosis (BV) it was more than -1 lg GE/sample (3 rd group, n = 117) [17]. To identify the interrelation between microbial biocenosis indicators and colonization resistance factor, regression analysis, method for detecting the effect of one or more independent (factor) variables on a dependent variable (Statistica 10, StatSoft Inc., USA), has been used.…”

Model for predicting the vaginal dysbiosis’ severity according to the index of conditionally pathogenic microflora

“…Symbiotic microflora plays an important role in maintaining the colonization resistance of the vaginal biotopea complex, multicomponent and equilibrium-dynamic mechanism that ensures the stability of the population-quantitative composition of components of the normal biocenosis [7,16,18,21]. Modern ideas about the composition of vaginal biota are based primarily on the results of microscopic and microbiological examination of vaginal secretions, which have known drawbacks that limit the objectivity and reliability of data on all the participants of the biocenosis [1,2,3,15].…”