Nonlinear strain–electric field relationship of carbon nanotube buckypaper/Nafion actuators

Cottinet, Pierre‐Jean; Souders, C.; Labrador, Daniel; Porter, Spencer D.; Liang, Zhiyong; Wang, B.; Zhang, C.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2011.06.013

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…: 10 6 Vidal et al, 2004, Kotal et al, 2016 Potential (V) Typically: 1-3 Kim et al, 2013;Kotal et al, 2016 Conversion Efficiency (%) Typically: <1 Max. : 1.04 Cottinet et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2017 Electromechanical coupling Max. : 0.1 Madden et al, 2004 (ε) curve obtained by a tensile mechanical testing machine, the value of which can be larger through doping electrodes with high mechanical materials (Kaneto et al, 2012).…”

Section: Property Value Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEDOT-Based Conducting Polymer Actuators

et al. 2019

Front. Robot. AI

106

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Conducting polymers, particularly poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), provide a promising materials platform to develop soft actuators or artificial muscles. To date, PEDOT-based actuators are available in the field of bionics, biomedicine, smart textiles, microactuators, and other functional applications. Compared to other conducting polymers, PEDOT provides higher conductivity and chemical stability, lower density and operating voltages, and the dispersion of PEDOT with PSS further enriches performances in solubility, hydrophility, processability, and flexibility, making them advantageous in actuator-based applications. However, the actuators fabricated by PEDOT-based materials are still in their infancy, with many unknowns and challenges that require more comprehensive understanding for their current and future development. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the actuation mechanisms, performance evaluation criteria, processing technologies and configurations, and the most recent progress of materials development and applications. Lastly, we also elaborate on future opportunities for improving and exploiting PEDOT-based actuators.

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Section: Property Value Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEDOT-Based Conducting Polymer Actuators

et al. 2019

Front. Robot. AI

106

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“…In addition to the experimental results of this study, Fig. 8 gives some literature data for the previously reported CNT composite electrothermal actuators (Chen, et al, 2011, Seo, et al, 2012, conventional electrothermal microactuators consisting of metals, ceramics and silicon (Yang, et al, 2005, Boutchich, et al, 2007 and other kinds of bending actuators (Wang, et al, 1999, Cottinet, et al, 2011. Wang, et al (1999) prepared and evaluated a RAINBOW (reduced and internally biased oxide wafer) actuator consisting of a reduced electromechanically passive layer and an unreduced piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preparation and performance evaluation of electrothermal actuators using aligned carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy composites

Shirasu

Nakamura

Yamamoto

et al. 2016

Mechanical Engineering Journal

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By using an aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced epoxy composite, an electrothermal bimorph actuator was fabricated and its load and deformation capacities were investigated. The composite has a negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as well as large Young's modulus. To evaluate the actuator property, a composite/aluminum laminate was prepared and a U-shaped actuator was formed by cutting off the middle part of the composite/aluminum laminate. The Young's modulus of the composites increased linearly with increasing MWCNT volume fraction, and that of the composite containing 27 vol.% MWCNTs reached 56.8 ± 3.9 GPa. We also demonstrated that the actuator showed a large bending displacement and force output under low voltage stimulation. The bending displacement and force output of the actuator with the free length of 16 mm reached 7.6 mm and 9.0 mN under a DC voltage of 5.2 V, respectively. Furthermore, the actuator fabricated in this study showed higher values of work output per unit volume compared to the actuators reported in previous studies within the frequency between 0.05 Hz and 0.5 Hz. The enhanced performance was attributable mainly to the high Young's modulus of both composite and aluminum layers and the huge mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion in the composite/aluminum laminate.

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“…Cottinet et al gave a much detailed and convincing method to calculate the energy conversion effi ciency. [ 64 ] As reported, the effi ciency of an electromechanical actuator is mainly determined by the mechanical and electrical losses within the material. [ 65 ] The global effi ciency ( η total ) of the actuator is given by the following equation:…”

Section: Structure and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube and Graphene‐based Bioinspired Electrochemical Actuators

2013

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Bio-inspired actuation materials, also called artificial muscles, have attracted great attention in recent decades for their potential application in intelligent robots, biomedical devices, and micro-electro-mechanical systems. Among them, ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator has been intensively studied for their impressive high-strain under low voltage stimulation and air-working capability. A typical IPMC actuator is composed of one ion-conductive electrolyte membrane laminated by two electron-conductive metal electrode membranes, which can bend back and forth due to the electrode expansion and contraction induced by ion motion under alternating applied voltage. As its actuation performance is mainly dominated by electrochemical and electromechanical process of the electrode layer, the electrode material and structure become to be more crucial to higher performance. The recent discovery of one dimensional carbon nanotube and two dimensional graphene has created a revolution in functional nanomaterials. Their unique structures render them intriguing electrical and mechanical properties, which makes them ideal flexible electrode materials for IPMC actuators in stead of conventional metal electrodes. Currently although the detailed effect caused by those carbon nanomaterial electrodes is not very clear, the presented outstanding actuation performance gives us tremendous motivation to meet the challenge in understanding the mechanism and thus developing more advanced actuator materials. Therefore, in this review IPMC actuators prepared with different kinds of carbon nanomaterials based electrodes or electrolytes are addressed. Key parameters which may generate important influence on actuation process are discussed in order to shed light on possible future research and application of the novel carbon nanomateials based bio-inspired electrochemical actuators.

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Nonlinear strain–electric field relationship of carbon nanotube buckypaper/Nafion actuators

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

PEDOT-Based Conducting Polymer Actuators

PEDOT-Based Conducting Polymer Actuators

Preparation and performance evaluation of electrothermal actuators using aligned carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy composites

Carbon Nanotube and Graphene‐based Bioinspired Electrochemical Actuators

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