Noninvasive measurement of temperature and fractional dissociation of imidazole in human lower leg muscles using ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Abstract

The temperature change of the fractional dissociation of imidazole (alpha-imidazole) in resting human lower leg muscles was measured noninvasively using (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 and 1.5 T on five normal male volunteers aged 30.6 +/- 10.4 yr (mean +/- SD). Using (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, water, carnosine, and creatine in the muscles could be simultaneously analyzed. Carnosine contains imidazole protons. The chemical shifts of water and carnosine imidazole protons relative to creatine could be used for estimating temperatures and alpha-imidazole, respectively. Using the chemical shift, the values of temperature in gastrocnemius (Gast) and soleus muscles at ambient temperature (21-25 degrees C) were estimated to be 35.5 +/- 0.5 and 37.4 +/- 0.6 degrees C (means +/- SE), respectively (significantly different; P < 0.01). The estimated values of alpha-imidazole in these muscles were 0.620 +/- 0.007 and 0.630 +/- 0.013 (means +/- SE), respectively (not significant). Alternation of the surface temperature of the lower leg from 40 to 10 degrees C significantly changed the temperature in Gast (P < 0.0001) from 38.1 +/- 0.5 to 28.0 +/- 1.2 degrees C, and the alpha-imidazole in Gast decreased from 0.631 +/- 0.003 to 0.580 +/- 0.011 (P < 0.05). However, the values of alpha-imidazole and the temperature in soleus muscles were not significantly affected by this maneuver. These results indicate that the alpha-imidazole in Gast changed significantly with alternation in muscle temperature (r = 0.877, P < 0.00001), and its change was estimated to be 0.0058/ degrees C.

β-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters

“…However, in gastrocnemius, the C4-H peak was markedly and consistently smaller than the C2-H peak in all subjects (Fig. 1D), which appears to agree with the findings of others, publishing a spectrum from a human gastrocnemius muscle (37,46). Our additional experiments revealed that the testretest reproducibility was good for the C2-H but poor for C4-H peak (M. S. Ö zdemir, H. Reyngoudt, Y.…”

“…The present study is possibly the first to apply the technique of proton MRS to noninvasively quantify and monitor the absolute carnosine concentrations in human skeletal muscle with ␤-alanine supplementation. Others have shown that the downfield C2-H and C4-H imidazole resonances of the proton spectrum of human muscle belong to the histidine subunit of carnosine (␤-alanyl-L-histidine) (30,36,46). Pan et al (30) indirectly estimated the absolute carnosine concentration in the forearm muscle of two volunteers from comparison with the estimated creatine concentration and reported values of 5.13 and 8.06 mM.…”

Brain Temperature Measured Using Proton MR Spectroscopy Detects Cerebral Hemodynamic Impairment in Patients With Unilateral Chronic Major Cerebral Artery Steno-Occlusive Disease

“…11,15 In MRS, a Lorentzian line shape is commonly assumed based on a oneexponential transverse relaxation behavior of the spins. The real part of the signal was thus used to estimate spectral parameters in a line shape fitting analysis.…”

“…The real part of the signal was thus used to estimate spectral parameters in a line shape fitting analysis. 11 BT for each voxel was calculated from the chemical shift difference between water and N-acetylaspartate signals (⌬H 2 O-NAA) using calibration data from Cady et al: T ( o C)ϭ286.9 to 94*(⌬H 2 O-NAA). 8,15 STIR MR images with ROIs and PET data were transferred to a postprocessing workstation and analyzed using DrView/LINUX image analysis software (Asahi Kasei, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Non-invasive Muscle Temperature Control during Cooling

“…There are attempts to measure the temperature of deeper layers using ultrasound method [7]. Diffuse optical spectroscopy [8] and magnetic resonance spectroscopy [9] methods are used for temperature control in deeper tissue layers. It has been indicated [10], that by application of IR technology and using special algorithm for data processing (Spatial Temperature Algorithm) it is possible to measure the temperature in the deeper tissue layers.…”