Noninvasive biomarkers for acute hepatotoxicity induced by 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol: hyperpolarized 13C dynamic MR spectroscopy

Detecting liver injury non‐invasively using hyperpolarized 13C MRI

“…Seminal studies on HP [1- 13 C]pyruvate in perfused rat liver were conducted by Merritt et al (9), who demonstrated capability of this new molecular imaging technology to investigate vital anaplerotic and decarboxylative fluxes of pyruvate, as well as its interconversions to lactate and alanine. In addition to the present work investigating the effect of IRI, prior studies have also documented similar changes in the conversion of HP [1- 13 C]pyruvate after liver injury induced by hepatotoxic agents carbon tetrachloride (10) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (11) (the latter being earlier work from the same group that authored this new article), which chemically induce inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. These findings suggest utility of the HP 13 C MRI approach for monitoring liver injury associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and transition to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an important clinical dilemma that is not adequately addressed by existing diagnostic approaches (12).…”

Hepatic Alanine Differentiates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis From Simple Steatosis in Humans and Mice: A Proton MR Spectroscopy Study With Long Echo Time

“…A recent study using hyperpolarized 13 C‐MRS reported that the fasted liver showed decreased Ala levels compared to the normal liver and its metabolic state differences in the liver characterized by Ala levels in conjunction with physiological perturbations in ALT activity. In an acute hepatocyte injury model induced by a hepatotoxic chemical, the AST, ALT, and lactate dehydrogenase levels in acute injury liver, as well as Ala and Lac levels, were significantly increased compared to those in normal rats. There are positive correlations between metabolic concentration ratios and enzyme levels.…”

Hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI in liver diseases: Recent advances and future opportunities

“…QC, quality control. The illustrations of pharmacy kit and 13 C spectra were reproduced with permission from reference 63 and reference 25…”