Nonhuman Primate Ocular Biometry

Augusteyn, Robert C.; Heilman, Bianca Maceo; Ho, Arthur; Parel, Jean Marie

doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18169

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…On average, the radius of curvature of the tangential image field was –6.8 ± 0.8 mm for the unstretched lens and –9.2 ± 1.3 mm for the stretched lens, and the diameter of the cynomolgus monkey globe is on the order of 19 mm. 28 The field curvature of the stretched lens therefore matches approximately the expected radius of curvature of the retina (9.5 mm). However, the increased field curvature of the unstretched lens suggests that accommodation will introduce significant peripheral myopic defocus in cynomolgus monkeys.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Peripheral Defocus of the Monkey Crystalline Lens With Accommodation in a Lens Stretcher

Heilman

Manns

Ruggeri³

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PurposeTo characterize the peripheral defocus of the monkey crystalline lens and its changes with accommodation.MethodsExperiments were performed on 15 lenses from 11 cynomolgus monkey eyes (age: 3.8–12.4 years, postmortem time: 33.5 ± 15.3 hours). The tissue was mounted in a motorized lens stretcher to allow for measurements of the lens in the accommodated (unstretched) and unaccommodated (stretched) states. A custom-built combined laser ray tracing and optical coherence tomography system was used to measure the paraxial on-axis and off-axis lens power for delivery angles ranging from −20° to +20° (in air). For each delivery angle, peripheral defocus was quantified as the difference between paraxial off-axis and on-axis power. The peripheral defocus of the lens was compared in the unstretched and stretched states.ResultsOn average, the paraxial on-axis lens power was 52.0 ± 3.4 D in the unstretched state and 32.5 ± 5.1 D in the stretched state. In both states, the lens power increased with increasing delivery angle. From 0° to +20°, the relative peripheral lens power increased by 10.7 ± 1.4 D in the unstretched state and 7.5 ± 1.6 D in the stretched state. The change in field curvature with accommodation was statistically significant (P < 0.001), indicating that the unstretched (accommodated) lens has greater curvature or relative peripheral power.ConclusionsThe cynomolgus monkey lens has significant accommodation-dependent curvature of field, which suggests that the lens asserts a significant contribution to the peripheral optical performance of the eye that also varies with the state of accommodation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This finding is in agreement with previously published work on monkey lenses that suggest that young monkey lenses may not have a substantial refractive index gradient. 28 , 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Defocus of the Monkey Crystalline Lens With Accommodation in a Lens Stretcher

Heilman

Manns

Ruggeri³

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…M. fascicularis monkeys, the animal model used in this study, have been used in various eye research. 32 – 34 They have a similar corneal diameter as well as corneal corneal vertical/horizontal ratio to human eyes. 32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-Order-Aberrations Following Hyperopia Treatment: Small Incision Lenticule Extraction, Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis and Lenticule Implantation

Liu

Wen

Teo

et al. 2018

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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PurposeTo compare the postoperative higher-order-aberrations (HOAs) after hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), hyperopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and lenticule implantation for correction of hyperopia.MethodsEighteen monkeys were divided to six groups: +2.00 D and +4.00 D hyperopic SMILE, +2.00 D and +4.00 D hyperopic LASIK (n = 6 eyes for each), and lenticule implantation with a −2.00 D and −4.00 D lenticule (n = 3 eyes for each). The corneal HOAs were evaluated preoperatively and 3-month postoperatively.ResultsAt 3-month postoperatively, the spherical aberrations significantly increased toward negative direction in all +4.00 D groups (all P < 0.05). There was a significant change toward more negative values in the third-order vertical coma in the SMILE +4.00 D and LASIK +4.00 D groups (P = 0.026 and P = 0.036, respectively). There were also significant changes in the third-order horizontal trefoil (P = 0.034) and oblique secondary astigmatism (P = 0.012) in the LASIK +4.00 D group. In the eyes that underwent +4.00 D lenticule implantation, the fourth-order horizontal quatrefoil significantly increased (P = 0.029). In low hyperopia correction (+2.00 D), treatment with lenticule implantation tended to have less changes in HOAs, compared to the other two groups.ConclusionsIn hyperopic SMILE, hyperopic LASIK or lenticule implantation surgery, significant induction of third- and fourth-order HOAs were seen in moderate hyperopia correction but not in low hyperopia correction. In low hyperopia treatment, lenticule implantation might offer a favorable trend in the aspect of HOAs.Translational RelevanceThe results provided the knowledge of surgically induced HOAs and understanding of the effects of surgery in different types of hyperopic correction.

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“…The relative strength of the three display primaries in the response time courses were similar to those in macaque, consistent with dominant L and M cone input to these cell types. RFs of human midget and parasol RGCs were larger than their macaque counterparts at similar visual field eccentricities [13], which is unsurprising given the ~20% larger diameter of the human eye [24,25]. In what follows, these characteristics of light response are examined in more detail for cell type identification and quantitative comparison.…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Properties Of Rgc Light Responsesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Functional Organization of Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cells in the Human Retina

Kling

Gogliettino

Shah

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The functional organization of diverse retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types, which shape the visual signals transmitted to the brain, has been examined in many species. The unique spatial, temporal, and chromatic properties of the numerically dominant RGC types in macaque monkey retina are presumed to most accurately model human vision. However, the functional similarity between RGCs in macaques and humans has only begun to be tested, and recent work suggests possible differences. Here, the properties of the numerically dominant human RGC types were examined using large-scale multi-electrode recordings with fine-grained visual stimulation in isolated retina, and compared to results from dozens of recordings from macaque retina using the same experimental methods and conditions. The properties of four major human RGC types -- ON-parasol, OFF-parasol, ON-midget, and OFF-midget -- closely paralleled those of the same macaque RGC types, including the spatial and temporal light sensitivity, precisely coordinated mosaic organization of receptive fields, ON-OFF asymmetries, spatial response nonlinearity, and sampling of photoreceptor inputs over space. Putative smooth monostratified cells and polyaxonal amacrine cells were also identified based on similarities to cell types previously identified in macaque retina. The results suggest that recently proposed differences between human and macaque RGCs probably reflect experimental differences, and that the macaque model provides an accurate picture of human RGC function.

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Nonhuman Primate Ocular Biometry

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Peripheral Defocus of the Monkey Crystalline Lens With Accommodation in a Lens Stretcher

Peripheral Defocus of the Monkey Crystalline Lens With Accommodation in a Lens Stretcher

Higher-Order-Aberrations Following Hyperopia Treatment: Small Incision Lenticule Extraction, Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis and Lenticule Implantation

Functional Organization of Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cells in the Human Retina

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