Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Vandenbroucke, J. P.

doi:10.1001/jama.255.10.1299

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…In the study by Vandenbroucke et al (6). a large nonresponse rate (40%) may have led to bias, irrespective of whether response rates were identical or different in patient and control groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…both groups conducted new case-control studies. In 1985, the Mayo Clinic group again reported finding no protective effect attributable to the use of oral contraceptives (3, and in 1986, Vandenbroucke et a1 (6) again noted a protective effect of oral contraceptives; in addition, they reported a two-thirds reduction in the incidence of RA among users of any noncontraceptive hormone.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exogenous sex hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Hernández-Ávila

Liang

Willett

et al. 1990

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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The use of exogenous sex hormones in relation to the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was examined in a cohort of married nurses 3 b 5 5 years of age followed since 1976 in the Nurses' Health Study. Baseline infor- When compared with women who had never used oral contraceptives, the age-adjusted relative risk was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7-1.3) for past users; however, too few women were currently using oral contraceptives for a reliable estimate of its effect.Among postmenopausal women, 123 cases of RA were reported. Compared with postmenopausal women who never used replacement estrogens, current users had an age-adjusted relative risk of 1.3 (95% CI 0.%2.0), past users had an age-adjusted relative risk of 0.7 (95% C1 0.5-1.2), and ever users had a relative risk of 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.4). These data do not show a protective effect of past use of oral contraceptives or replacement estrogens for RA; however, a modest protective effect of current oral contraceptive use cannot be excluded.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous sex hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Hernández-Ávila

Liang

Willett

et al. 1990

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…No definite conclusion could be drawn, since a beneficial effect has been documented in some older studies [80][81][82] while in others the pills had no effect [83,84]. This may reflect the reduced amount of estrogen in the pills and the use of synthetically modified estrogen (further discussed in the section on estrogen receptors).…”

Section: Sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estrogen-mediated immunosuppression in autoimmune diseases

Jansson

Holmdahl

1998

Inflammation Research

156

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Gender affects the susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases. Women have an increased risk of developing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis compared with men. The female preponderance is believed to depend in part on the influence of sex hormones on the immune system. The mechanism of estrogen-induced immune suppression both in human autoimmune diseases and their experimental animal model counterparts is discussed. In addition, the mechanisms of estrogen and anti-estrogens are discussed in relation to their possible use as future therapeutic anti-inflammatory agents.

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“…Thus, well-controlled epidemiological case-control studies have shown that administration of estrogenes, either as contraceptives or as postmenopausal replacement therapy, reduce the risk of acquiring RA [90]. This is an interesting contrast to the situation in systemic lupus erythematosus, where administration of estrogens often appear to enhance the disease process.…”

Section: Response To Immunoregulation and Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

What can we learn about rheumatoid arthritis from animal models?

Klareskog

1989

Springer Semin Immunopathol

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Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Exogenous sex hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Exogenous sex hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Estrogen-mediated immunosuppression in autoimmune diseases

What can we learn about rheumatoid arthritis from animal models?

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