Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Magnesium: Applications to Energy Storage

Gregory, Thomas; Hoffman, Ronald J.; Winterton, Richard C.

doi:10.1149/1.2086553

Cited by 622 publications

(591 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Two major breakthroughs enabled the fi rst demonstration of rechargeable Mg batteries: the development of a non-Grignard Mg complex electrolyte with reasonably wide electrochemical windows, allowing Mg electrodes to be fully reversible, 59 and the discovery of Chevrel-phase-based Mg cathodes with high rate performance. 60 However, the energy density and rate capability of these Mg battery prototypes were still not attractive enough to commercialize them.…”

Section: Rechargeable Magnesium Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable lithium batteries and beyond: Progress, challenges, and future directions

2014

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This issue contains assessments of battery performance involving complex, interrelated physical and chemical processes between electrode materials and electrolytes. Transformational changes in battery technologies are critically needed to enable the effective use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind to allow for the expansion of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to plug-in HEVs and pure-electric vehicles. For these applications, batteries must store more energy per unit volume and weight, and they must be capable of undergoing many thousands of charge-discharge cycles. The articles in this theme issue present details of several growing interest areas, including high-energy cathode and anode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries and challenges of Li metal as an anode material for Li batteries. They also address the recent progress in systems beyond Li ion, including Li-S and Li-air batteries, which represent possible next-generation batteries for electrical vehicles. One article reviews the recent understanding and new strategies and materials for rechargeable Mg batteries. The knowledge presented in these articles is anticipated to catalyze the design of new multifunctional materials that can be tailored to provide the optimal performance required for future electrical energy storage applications.

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Section: Rechargeable Magnesium Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable lithium batteries and beyond: Progress, challenges, and future directions

2014

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“…5 The path to fully functioning and cost-competitive Mgion batteries begins with addressing a few but complex scientific questions, and perhaps the most pressing is to develop a robust understanding of the atomistic mechanism of reversible plating (or deposition) and stripping (or dissolution) of Mg at the anode/electrolyte interface during battery operation. To date, reversible Mg plating with low over-potential and reasonable anodic stability has been achieved in practice with only a specific class of electrolytes, namely organic or inorganic magnesium aluminum chloride salts (magnesium-chloro complexes) dissolved in ethereal solvents [6][7][8][9][10][11] . Aurbach and collaborators developed the first operational Mg ion full cells using electrolytes based on Grignard reagents (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Initial Stages of Reversible Mg Deposition and Stripping in Inorganic Nonaqueous Electrolytes

et al. 2015

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Multi-valent (MV) battery architectures based on pairing a Mg metal anode with a high-voltage (∼ 3 V) intercalation cathode offer a realistic design pathway toward significantly surpassing the energy storage performance of traditional Li-ion based batteries, but there are currently only few electrolyte systems that support reversible Mg deposition. Using both static first-principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics, we perform a comprehensive adsorption study of several salt and solvent species at the interface of Mg metal with an electrolyte of Mg 2+ and Cl − dissolved in liquid tetrahydrofuran (THF). Our findings not only provide a picture of the stable species at the interface, but also explain how this system can support reversible Mg deposition and as such we provide insights in how to design other electrolytes for Mg plating and stripping. The active depositing species are identified to be (MgCl) + monomers coordinated by THF, which exhibit preferential adsorption on Mg compared to possible passivating species (such as THF solvent or neutral MgCl2 complexes). Upon deposition, the energy to desolvate these adsorbed complexes and facilitate charge-transfer is shown to be small (∼ 61 -46.2 kJ mol −1 to remove 3 THF from the strongest adsorbing complex), and the stable orientations of the adsorbed but desolvated (MgCl) + complexes appear favorable for charge-transfer. Finally, observations of Mg-Cl dissociation at the Mg surface at very low THF coordinations (0 and 1) suggest that deleterious Cl incorporation in the anode may occur upon plating. In the stripping process, this is beneficial by further facilitating the Mg removal reaction.

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“…Thus the energy values were decreased. Optical absorption coefficient 'α' is calculated by the following equation, α = 2.303(A/t) (1) Where 'A' is the absorbance and't' is the thickness of the film During the transmission radiation, the excitation of electrons in the valence band is equal to the excitation of electrons in the conduction band, due to the insufficient energies at low energy levels (direct bandgap), whereas at higher energy levels (indirect bandgap) the excitation of electrons in the valence band is not equal to the excitation of electrons at the conduction band [60][61][62] . The absorption coefficient values can be determined by plotting a graph between α and hυ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

"EFFECT OF TiO2 NANOFILLER ON OPTICAL AND IONIC CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF (1-X) PVP: X (CH3COOK) POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FILMS "

2018

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Nanocomposite solid polymer electrolyte films were prepared by doping TiO2 nanofiller with different wt% compositions of PVP-CH3COOK by solution cast technique. Optical absorption studies were performed in the wavelength region 200-800 nm. The energy bandgap values of direct and indirect transitions have been measured and their values were found to be decreasing with increasing wt% of salt. DC ionic conductivity measurements of the prepared nanocomposite films were performed by lab made conductivity four-probe method. The maximum ionic conductivity was found to be 2.01x10 -3 S/cm at 373 K of the prepared composition 60PVP:40 CH3COOK: TiO2 (1 wt %). Transference number of ions and electrons were calculated by Wagner's polarization technique. By using the prepared nanocomposite polymer films, a battery with different wt% ratios has been fabricated and the discharge performance of the cells was presented in this investigation.

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Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Magnesium: Applications to Energy Storage

Cited by 622 publications

References 7 publications

Rechargeable lithium batteries and beyond: Progress, challenges, and future directions

Rechargeable lithium batteries and beyond: Progress, challenges, and future directions

Understanding the Initial Stages of Reversible Mg Deposition and Stripping in Inorganic Nonaqueous Electrolytes

"EFFECT OF TiO2 NANOFILLER ON OPTICAL AND IONIC CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF (1-X) PVP: X (CH3COOK) POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FILMS "

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