Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Abstract

Purpose: A large number of systemic reviews and meta-analyses have explored the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and multiple health outcomes. The aim of this study is to conduct an umbrella review to assess the strength and evidence for the association between NAFLD and health outcomes. Methods: We systematically identified the present meta-analyses of observational studies reporting an association between NAFLD and health outcomes. For each meta-analysis, we assessed the quality with AMSTAR2 and graded the epidemiologic evidence. Results: Fifty-four articles comprising 111 unique meta-analyses were included in this study. Eighty-five unique outcomes showed significant associations ( P ← 0.05), whereas 26 unique outcomes showed insignificant associations, and we cannot assess the epidemiologic evidence. For 85 significant health outcomes, four outcomes (carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), peak A velocity, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients) was graded as high quality of evidence, 23 outcomes were graded as the moderate quality of evidence, and the remaining 58 outcomes were graded as weak quality of evidence. Fourty-seven (87.03%) studies showed critically low methodological quality. Conclusion: In this umbrella review, only four statistically significant health outcomes showed high epidemiologic evidence. NAFLD seems to relate to an increased risk of C-IMT, peak A velocity, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, and incident CKD in adult patients.

Comparison of copper concentration between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and normal individuals: A meta-analysis

“…Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multistage disease affecting 30% of the global population, which will supposedly emerge as the most common cause of the end-stage liver disease ( 1 , 2 ). Substantial studies have demonstrated that NAFLD contributes to several disease processes containing hepatic/extrahepatic diseases and an overall increase in mortality ( 3 ). Currently, it is well recognized that the double-hit theory plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD ( 4 ).…”

Identification of Cuproptosis-Related Genes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as a metabolic disease, is the most prevalent hepatic pathology worldwide with a prevalence of approximately 25% [ 1 ]. It ranges from simple steatosis (SS) to advanced stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the latter rapid progression toward liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 2 , 3 ]. Currently, sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis of NAFLD are still lacking, and liver biopsies, as an invasive method, are still considered the gold standard for diagnosis and prognosis [ 4 ].…”