Non-transient luminance changes do not capture attention

Cole, Geoff G.; Kuhn, Gustav; Skarratt, Paul A.

doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0118-6

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Are these dimensions less important in holding viewers’ moment-to-moment attention. We know that luminance changes can grab attention (Cole, Kuhn, & Skarratt, 2011 ; Spehar & Owens, 2013 ; Theeuwes, 1991 ), but film luminance is a more a property of a scene than it is of the shots that make it up. That is, luminance is less likely to change across shots within a scene than across shots at a scene boundary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal fractals in movies and mind

Cutting

DeLong²,

Brunick

2018

Cogn. Research

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Fractal patterns are seemingly everywhere. They can be analyzed through Fourier and power analyses, and other methods. Cutting, DeLong, and Nothelfer (2010) analyzed as time-series data the fluctuations of shot durations in 150 popular movies released over 70 years. They found that these patterns had become increasingly fractal-like and concluded that they might be linked to those found in the results of psychological tasks involving attention. To explore this possibility further, we began by analyzing the shot patterns of almost twice as many movies released over a century. The increasing fractal-like nature of shot patterns is affirmed, as determined by both a slope measure and a long-range dependence measure, neither of which is sensitive to the vector lengths of their inputs within the ranges explored here. But the main reason for increased long-range dependence is related to, but not caused by, the increasing vector length of the shot-series samples. It appears that, in generating increasingly fractal-like patterns, filmmakers have systematically explored dimensions that are important for holding our attention—shot durations, scene durations, motion, and sound amplitude—and have crafted fluctuations in them like those of our endogenous attention patterns. Other dimensions—luminance, clutter, and shot scale—are important to film style but their variations seem not to be important to holding viewers’ moment-to-moment attention and have not changed in their fractional dimension over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal fractals in movies and mind

Cutting

DeLong²,

Brunick

2018

Cogn. Research

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“…Importantly, this contrasts markedly with what was previously assumed about IOR from classical precueing studies in which participants perform alone. For instance, Cole et al (2011a) showed that even when observers are aware that an occluded visual event has taken place in a spatial location, they do not inhibit it. The experiment involved participants having to detect a target appearing in a cued or uncued location.…”

Section: Social Ior and New Insights Into Human Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the shape contracted, the new object appeared behind and was then revealed in a location previously seen to be unoccupied. As with Cole et al (2011a), participants were aware that a scene change had taken place, but had not seen the accompanying transient that signaled its arrival. Results showed that new objects failed to capture attention under these conditions, yet they did attract attention when the annulus was seen to move behind the search items thus rendering a visible onset (but see Cole et al, 2011a, Experiment 6).…”

Section: Social Ior and New Insights Into Human Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with Cole et al (2011a), participants were aware that a scene change had taken place, but had not seen the accompanying transient that signaled its arrival. Results showed that new objects failed to capture attention under these conditions, yet they did attract attention when the annulus was seen to move behind the search items thus rendering a visible onset (but see Cole et al, 2011a, Experiment 6). In a similar vein, Skarratt et al (submitted) have shown that attention is captured by objects that loom towards or recede away from the observer (see also Skarratt et al, 2009).…”

Section: Social Ior and New Insights Into Human Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual cognition during real social interaction

Skarratt¹,

Cole²,

Kuhn³

2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Laboratory studies of social visual cognition often simulate the critical aspects of joint attention by having participants interact with a computer-generated avatar. Recently, there has been a movement toward examining these processes during authentic social interaction. In this review, we will focus on attention to faces, attentional misdirection, and a phenomenon we have termed social inhibition of return (Social IOR), that have revealed aspects of social cognition that were hitherto unknown. We attribute these discoveries to the use of paradigms that allow for more realistic social interactions to take place. We also point to an area that has begun to attract a considerable amount of interest—that of Theory of Mind (ToM) and automatic perspective taking—and suggest that this too might benefit from adopting a similar approach.

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“…Light adaptation is widely understood as the combination of a series of mechanisms that occur in the retina (Barrionuevo et al, 2018;Gloriani et al, 2016), and even the processing of luminance changes is a low-level sensory condition (Cole, Kuhn, & Skarratt, 2011). When adaptation luminance changes from photopic to mesopic values, the visual spectral sensitivity curve gradually shifts as a consequence of the transition from a cone response to a rod-cone response (i.e., the Purkinje effect).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of age and spectral power distribution on mesopic visual sensitivity

Vicente

Arranz

Issolio

et al. 2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The ability of the human visual system to detect stimuli at low illumination levels provides awareness of potential risks. The influence of age and spectral power distribution on mesopic spectral sensitivity is analyzed. Two typical light sources are used, a high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS), with a higher content of long wavelengths, and a metal halide lamp (MH), with a higher content of short wavelengths. Two experiments were performed, using a two-channel Maxwellian-view optical system to measure contrast threshold under different experimental conditions. In Experiment 1, three age groups (young, middle-aged and old, n = 2 each), two retinal locations (on-axis and off-axis vision), four background luminances (0.01, 0.07, 0.45, and 3.2 cd/ m 2 ), and two photometry systems (photopic and the MES2 systems) were considered. In Experiment 2, contrast threshold measurement was performed with two age groups (young and old, n = 11 each), one retinal location (off-axis vision), one background luminance (0.01 cd/m 2 ), and two photometry systems (photopic and the MES2 systems). In on-axis vision, neither age nor spectral power distribution have an effect on the contrast threshold. In off-axis vision, however, a significant interaction between age and spectral power distribution is obtained, albeit only at 0.01 cd/m 2 with an MH lamp. Only at this lowest background luminance was the greater content of short wavelengths of this lamp responsible for higher rod stimulation in offaxis vision, with the subsequent improvement in detection performance in young subjects. However, the effect of diffused light inside the aged eye counteracted the benefits of increased rod sensitivity for the MH lamp.

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Non-transient luminance changes do not capture attention

Cited by 4 publications

References 94 publications

Temporal fractals in movies and mind

Temporal fractals in movies and mind

Visual cognition during real social interaction

Influence of age and spectral power distribution on mesopic visual sensitivity

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