Non-toxic melanin production inhibitors from Garcinia livingstonei (Clusiaceae)

Melanin Production Inhibitors from the West African Cassipourea congoensis

“…The misuse of this compound as a skin-lightening agent, despite its sale being prohibited in many countries, is significant, although its use is associated with serious side effects, including irritant contact dermatitis and exogenous ochronosis [3,5,7]. We have previously reported the nontoxic melanin production inhibitors from the South African medicinal plant, Garcinia livingstonei T.Anderson (Clusiaceae), which is used ethnomedicinally for skin-lightening purposes [8] and we now report the investigation of a second species used for its skin-lightening properties, Cassipourea congoensis R Br. ex DC (Rhizophoraceae).…”

TRITERPENOIDES DA FRAÇÃO HEXÂNICA DOS GALHOS DE Platonia Insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae)

“…Lupeol (1) 427 409,313,299,285,271,257,203,191,313,299,285,271,257,218,203,191 Lupenona (3) 425 407,367,355,337,311,217,191,161,121 , 496, 483, 393, 306, 293, 279, 216, 203,189, 135, 95, 73 MULHOLLAND et al, 2013;FOTSO et al, 2014;REUTRAKUL et al, 2010;DJOUFACK et al, 2010). Sendo assim, isolada pela primeira vez no gênero.…”

Plants and Natural Products for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation – A Review

“…Vitamin E (6) TYR, TRP-1, and TRP-2 downrelations in B16F10 MC1R, MITF downregulation ERK phosphorylation enhancement [7,8] Kojic acid (4) mushroom TYR TYR inhibitor [9] Caffeic acid 7TYR inhibition, DNA damage and glutathione depletion in B16F10 [10] Caffeic acid phenyel ester (11) VEGFR-2, α-MSH, TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF suppression in B16F10 [11,12] Ferulic acid (8) TYR inhibition, DNA damage and glutathione depletion in B16F10 [10] Quercetin 9TYR inhibition, DNA damage and glutathione depletion in B16F10 [10] Rutin 10TYR inhibition, DNA damage and glutathione depletion in B16F10 [10] Genkwanin (12) antimelanogenesis in B16F10 [13] Hinokitol 15mushroom TYR cellular melanin production and MITF suppression in Mel-Ab [14,15] (IC 50 = 0.12 ± 0.03 mg/mL). Kinetic analysis of the herbal extract revealed it to be a competitive TYR inhibitor, similar to arbutin (3), azelaic acid (39), deoxyarbutin (40), hydroquinone (1), and kojic acid (4). The phenolic compounds safflomin A (41) and safflomin B (42) are responsible for the activity of the herbal extract, both of which are noncytotoxic toward B16F10 melanoma cells at concentrations of 1-4 mg/mL.…”

“…Soxhlet extraction of Garcinia livingstonei T. Anderson (Clusiaceae) stem bark gave a crude extract that was further purified by chromatography. One isolated compound, morelloflavone-7″-sulphate (65), was assayed in MeWo melanoma cells and identified as the most promising active compound in the bark fraction concerning cytotoxicity and suppression of melanin production (IC 50 = 41.8 ± 2.5 µM and EC 50 = 8.6 ± 1.3 µM) [39].…”