Non-target Effects of Botanicals on Beneficial Arthropods with Special Reference to Azadirachta indica

Raguraman, S.; Kannan, M.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2006-0_10

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Probably this is due to a greater focus on conventional pesticides because they have a high spectrum of action and are known to affect target and non-target organisms (Raguraman & Kannan, 2014). Also, it is expected that if there is any impact of pesticides used in organic agriculture on non-target organisms, they are only at the time of application (Bengochea et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that some insecticides derived from plants cause mild to moderate effect on beneficial and non-target organisms associated with the aerial part of plants, such as parasitoids and predators. Among them, some orders are more sensitive to the active principle of Neem oil, azadirachtins, such as Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera (Raguraman & Kannan, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this is not always true (Raguraman & Kannan, 2014), especially when these products are not used correctly, which requires studies that assess their toxicological potential. Considering the importance of proving the adverse effects of these alternative pesticides on non-target organisms, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the commercial insecticide Neem and the fungicide Bordeaux mixture on the survival and reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecotoxicological potential of bordeaux mixture and Neem oil on non-target soil organisms

Rosa

Scoriza

Correia

et al. 2017

Agraria

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The use of alternative pesticides has as main function to maximize agricultural production with little or no environmental impact. However, due to the lack of studies and repeated application in certain cultures it is important to check whether there are adverse effects on non-target soil organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Neem oil and Bordeaux mixture on survival and reproduction Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida. The tests followed the relevant standards, where the pesticides are applied separately in tropical artificial soil, the tested doses 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5%, corresponding to concentrations of 0.41, 0.69, 1.38, 4.15 and 6.91 mg g -1 soil. Effects on the organisms survival were only observed at doses equal to or higher than 3%. However, doses equal to or less than recommended (1%) had negative effects on reproduction. These results have a potential impact of Neem oil and Bordeaux mixture on non-target soil organisms, which must be proven with field studies.Key words: organic agriculture; alternative defensive; terrestrial ecotoxicology Potencial ecotoxicológico da calda bordalesa e óleo de Neem sobre organismos não-alvo do solo RESUMO O uso de defensivos alternativos tem como principais funções a maximização da produção agrícola com baixos impactos ecológicos, contudo é importante comprovar se há efeitos adversos sobre organismos não-alvo do solo. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do óleo Neem e da calda Bordalesa sobre a sobrevivência e reprodução de Enchytraeus crypticus e Folsomia candida. Os ensaios seguiram as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, onde os defensivos foram aplicados separadamente em solo artificial tropical, nas doses 0, 0,3, 0,5, 1, 3 e 5%, que correspondem a concentração de 0,41, 0,69, 1,38, 4,15 e 6,91 mg g -1 no solo. Os efeitos na sobrevivência dos organismos foram observados apenas em doses iguais ou superiores a 3%. Entretanto, doses iguais ou inferiores a recomendada (1%) apresentaram efeitos negativos na reprodução de ambos organismos. Estes resultados apresentam um potencial impacto do óleo Neem e da calda Bordalesa sobre organismos não-alvo do solo, o que deve ser comprovado com estudos realizados no campo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecotoxicological potential of bordeaux mixture and Neem oil on non-target soil organisms

Rosa

Scoriza

Correia

et al. 2017

Agraria

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“…In fact, they are subjected to the same laws and must meet the same requirements as all pesticides, and they must be registered with the EPA to be legally sold in the USA (Keith 2014). For agricultural purposes, biopesticides are usually applied at much higher concentrations than naturally occurring (Hunter 2009), displacing them from the extended idea of completely innocuous compounds (Hernández-Moreno et al 2013;Raguraman and Kannan 2014). Therefore, increasing interest is focusing in determining their mobility and fate to assess the risk of becoming environmental contaminants (Organisation Economic Cooperation Development 2011;Leahy et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of cinnamaldehyde and diallyl disulfide as eco-pesticides in soils of different textures—a laboratory-scale mobility study

López-Serna

Ernst

2015

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose This work presents for the first time the development of a method for the analysis of cinnamaldehyde and diallyl disulfide in soil by ultrasound assisted extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The optimized method was applied in a laboratory-scale study of mobility of these substances applied within a bio-pesticide embodiment on three different soil textures, fine sand, sandy loam, and silty clay loam. Materials and methods Two initial soil moistures were approached, 20 and 90 % field capacity, in order to cover different climatic site scenarios (dry-wet locations). After the application, which was carried out as a pulse on the top soil surface, three different sprinkler irrigation regimes (1×, 2×, and 3× field capacity water volume) were simulated. Each experiment was carried out in duplicate. Results and discussionThe results have shown that irrigation pushes the compounds down, and their mobility is soil texture dependent, with the sandy loam having the least resistance to leachability. In any case, cinnamaldehyde is shown to be more prone to leach down than diallyl disulfide. Mass balances in each scenario were also discussed. Conclusions When these bio-pesticides are used for agricultural purposes, the irrigation regime should be adjusted so that the pesticides reach the target location without causing unnecessary environmental contamination.

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“…In this regard, azadirachtin formulations have been used very effectively in the control of many leaf-chewing and mining insect pests (Schmutterer 2005, and references herein). Even though the influence of azadirachtin on natural enemies is highly variable (Isman 2006), neem products are generally considered to be relatively safe to antagonists and other beneficial organisms (Schmutterer & Holst 1987, Mordue (Luntz) & Blackwell 1993, Naumann & Isman 1996, Schmutterer 1997, Raguraman & Kannan 2014. Moreover, azadirachtin has been approved to cause low toxicity in mammals and other vertebrates (Salehzadeh et al 2002, Koul & Wahab 2004, Isman 2006, and its degradation in soil and water (Ruch et al 1997, Michalski 2001 as well as on the surface of leaves (Kleeberg 2001) happens rather quickly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerial Spraying of Neemazal®-T/S Against the Forest Cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani, Col.: Scarabaeidae) in South-West Germany: The Effects of Two Field Trials Performed in 2007 and 2008 on Local Populations

et al. 2015

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The forest cockchafer Melolontha hippocastani is a serious forest pest whose infestation levels have been increasing in South-West Germany since the mid-1980 s. During the past 25 years several control measures have been taken to manage its populations. In 2007 and 2008, 122 and 73 hectares of forest stands comprising of deciduous trees were sprayed with NeemAzal ® -T/S (1% azadirachtin A) by helicopter, respectively. Here we summarize the results of the accompanying research with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of NeemAzal ® -T/S in the control of M. hippocastani populations under field conditions. As expected from azadirachtin's mode of action, no immediate mortality occurred but maturation feeding and oogenesis was interrupted. It appeared that precise timing of the application is a crucial issue regarding the level of its effect on the population density. In 2007, the first application was performed in good synchrony with the climax of female emergence from the soil, resulting in a remarkable decline of the population density in the next generation of beetles in 2011. In 2008, our data suggest that maturation feeding and oogenesis had already been completed when the agent was sprayed. Hence, no significant decline of the population density could be registered in 2012. Practicability of the use of NeemAzal ® -T/S against M. hippocastani in forests is discussed.

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Non-target Effects of Botanicals on Beneficial Arthropods with Special Reference to Azadirachta indica

Cited by 22 publications

References 80 publications

Ecotoxicological potential of bordeaux mixture and Neem oil on non-target soil organisms

Ecotoxicological potential of bordeaux mixture and Neem oil on non-target soil organisms

Analysis of cinnamaldehyde and diallyl disulfide as eco-pesticides in soils of different textures—a laboratory-scale mobility study

Aerial Spraying of Neemazal®-T/S Against the Forest Cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani, Col.: Scarabaeidae) in South-West Germany: The Effects of Two Field Trials Performed in 2007 and 2008 on Local Populations

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