Non syndromic supernumerary teeth: management of two clinical cases

Abstract

Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth or tooth-like structures. Single, double, or multiple teeth that occur in one or both jaws may be erupted or unerupted and unilateral or bilateral. Supernumeraries are less common in primary dentition than in permanent dentition. The etiology of ST is still unknown. A number of theories have been postulated to try to explain their presence, including atavism (evolutionary throwback), tooth germ dichotomy, genetic and environmental factors, and hyperactivity of the dental lamina. However, all theories are hypothetical due to the inability to obtain sufficient embryologic material on their origin. The aim of this paper is two present two case reports of non syndromic supernumerary teeth in female patients and their management.

Phenotypic heterogeneity of non-syndromic supernumerary teeth: genetic study

“…After their localization on the arch, ST are represented by mesiodens – the most common form, paramolar – a rare form of ST, distomolar – small, rudimentary ST with different shapes, and parapremolar – ST duplicated premolars [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. In relation to the number of ST present in addition to the arch, single ST is described, the most common form, in 76–86% of cases, and multiple ST, less common, which can be located unilaterally or bilaterally [ 14 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Most often, single ST are non-syndromic, as opposed to multiple ST which are most commonly encountered in genetic syndromes, constituting the so-called syndromic ST [ 42 ].…”

“…ST can be found both in temporary dentition, less often, in which case it affects both genders equally, and in permanent dentition, in which case the male gender is mainly affected [ 5 , 44 , 45 ]. ST can be included or erupted, syndromic or non-syndromic [ 41 , 42 ].…”

An unusual step-ladder pattern of impacted supernumerary teeth – A case report

“…[7] Etiological factors responsible for supernumerary teeth were genes and transcription factors. [4] The occurrence of asymptomatic impacted supernumerary teeth with no deleterious effects on dentition should be under observation and follow-up. [8] Radiographic investigations have an important role in the determination or evaluation of supernumerary teeth.…”

“…[1] Supernumerary teeth may cause a delayed eruption, non-eruption, crowding, displacement, or resorption of roots. [4] The incidence of supernumerary teeth ranges between 0.3% and 1.7% of the population. [1] The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is 0.1% and 3.8% [5] while that of a supernumerary premolar is 0.075-0.26%.…”

Múltiplos dentes impactados em paciente não sindrômico

“…Outra teoria os relaciona a fatores genéticos, onde estudos tem mostrado que a regulação inadequada da atividade de uma proteína pode desempenhar um papel fundamental na formação de dentes supranumerários (Al-Tamimi et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2017) Múltiplos dentes supranumerários apresentem prevalência menor que 1% (Açıkgöz et al, 2006). A ocorrência de múltiplos dentes supranumerários é rara e geralmente esta associada a alguma síndrome, como a síndrome de Gardner e a Displasia Cleidocraniana ou distúrbios como fissuras labiais e palatinas, porém, não exclui sua ocorrência em pacientes não sindrômicos (Bae et al, 2017;Belmehdi et al, 2018;Tanwar et al, 2017). Eles são mais encontrados no gênero masculino, na maxila anterior e região de pré-molares mandibulares (Khalaf et al, 2018;Pico et al, 2017).…”