Non-linear Pedagogy in Handball: the Influence of Drill Constraints

Flores-Rodríguez, José; Macías, Gonzalo Ramírez

doi:10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2021/1).143.08

Cited by 4 publications

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“…In the last 7 years, several studies have been carried out on the 7 vs. 6 with an "empty goal" (7 vs. 6 EG) game. The results obtained, varied and even contradictory among them, are in line with the controversy that arose when the regulatory change allowing 7 vs. 6 situations was approved (7,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Regarding 7 vs. 6 EG, it is important to note that the majority of some studies found and analyzed observational procedures; regarding 7 vs. 6 EG, it is important to note that most of the studies found follow observational procedures.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational results

Prudente,

Cardoso,

Rodrigues

et al. 2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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IntroductionRecently, several studies on the 7 vs. 6 “empty goal” (EG) in handball have produced different and even contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavior of teams and players in the 7 vs. 6 EG attack in the European (Euro) and World Championships (WCh) between 2020 and 2023 and characterize the coaches’ perceptions.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was used, consisting of the following: (i) an observational methodology and instrument developed and validated to collect observational data on player and team behavior; and (ii) a developed and validated questionnaire to coaches on their perceptions of the 7 vs. 6 game. Observational data were collected during the Euro 2020 and 2022 games (n = 62) and the WCh 2021 and 2023 games (n = 70). A total of 132 games and 391 situations of 7 vs. 6 attacking sequences were observed. In total, 156 coaches participated (146 men), with a mean age 42.33 ± 11.87 years, 19 nationalities, and with 12.77 ± 9.45 years of experience.Results and discussionThe choice of 7 vs. 6 offensive play was mostly made in the second half (>73%). The effectiveness of 7 vs. 6 offensive sequences was higher in the top six teams than in the team's ranked 7th to 12th (Euro 2020 51.6%–50.0%; WCh 2021 52.0%–50.0%; Euro 2022 53.1%–41.7%; WCh 2023 50.0%–43.8%). Some patterns of association were found (p < 0.05 and with values >±1.96): (i) scoring a goal with a breakthrough shot was significantly associated with the effectiveness of the 7 vs. 6 attack (Euro 2020 2.61; WCh 2021 2.87; Euro 2022 2.68; WCh 2023 2.32); (ii) teams in the top six significantly used 7 vs. 6 when they were winning (Euro 2020 2.17; WCh 2021 3.52; Euro 2022 5.88; WCh 2023 2.54); and (iii) teams in the bottom six used it when they were losing by at least four goals (Euro 2020 7.56; Euro 2022 6.64; WCh 2023 4.37) or when they were winning by four goals or more (WCh 2021 2.58). Coaches that agree with the possibility of playing 7 vs. 6 (74.4%), rarely or never do so (55.6%) because it brings little or no advantage (52.6%). The results of the analysis confirmed the perception of the coaches, the low use of 7 vs. 6, the low advantage associated with it, and the influence of the result and the moment of the game on its use.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational results

Prudente,

Cardoso,

Rodrigues

et al. 2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…En este sentido el proceso de aprendizaje es un proceso dinámico y de auto-organización, donde el reto está en desafiar a quien aprende a través de la exploración de patrones en entornos no-lineales (Chow et al, 2015). En esta línea, son varias las investigaciones que se han desarro-llado en diferentes modalidades deportivas, tanto individuales (Lacasa-Claver et al, 2021) como colectivas (Flores-Rodríguez & Ramírez-Macías, 2021). En el fútbol también aparecen trabajos que promueven este tipo de enfoques como el de Roberts et al (2020), donde se verificó los beneficios de la pedagogía no lineal en las habilidades de desarrollo de juegos 1 contra 1 y la toma de decisiones.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

El reinicio del juego como constreñimiento de la tarea para el desarrollo técnico y físico de los jóvenes jugadores de fútbol (Restarting the game as a task constraint for the technical and physical development of young football players)

Arroyo-Delgado,

Domínguez-Sáez,

Martín Barrero

2024

Retos

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El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar cómo influye en los parámetros técnicos y físicos la forma de reiniciar el juego en diferentes formatos de juegos reducidos en jugadores de fútbol masculino (n=20) de categoría cadete (15.3 ± 0.5 años) pertenecientes a la academia de un club profesional de la primera división de fútbol español 2022-2023. Se diseñaron dos juegos reducidos (2x2+2c y 4x4+2c) donde se utilizaba el constreñimiento de reinicio del juego por parte del entrenador y de saque de banda por parte de jugador. Se analizaron las variables físicas externas de distancia total, distancia a diferentes velocidades (7-13 km·h-1;13-18 km·h-1;18-21 km·h-1;21-24 km·h-1), velocidad máxima (<24km·h-1), medias (entre 2 y 3 m. s-2), altas aceleraciones/deceleraciones (> 3 m. s-2) y RPE y, las variables técnicas del pase y el control. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las variables físicas de baja intensidad y en las acciones técnicas de pase, cuando inicia la acción por el suelo, en el control cuando el balón no va por el suelo y se contacta con otras partes del cuerpo. Estos datos permiten, a través de este constreñimiento, generar una mayor variabilidad técnica a las tareas para que los entrenadores puedan generar escenarios de aprendizaje más próximos al juego. Palabras clave: pedagogía no lineal, entrenamiento, aprendizaje, fútbol, variabilidad. Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence on technical and physical parameters of the way of restarting the game in different formats of small sided games in male football players (n=20) of cadet category (15.3 ± 0.5 years) belonging to the academy of a professional club of the first division of Spanish football 2022-2023. Two small sided games (2x2+2c and 4x4+2c) were designed using the coach's restart constraint and the player's throw-in constraint. The external physical variables of total distance, distance at different speeds (7-13 km-h-1;13-18 km-h-1;18-21 km-h-1;21-24 km-h-1), maximum speed (<24km-h-1), average (between 2 and 3 m. s-2), high accelerations/decelerations (> 3 m. s-2) and RPE and, the technical variables of passing and control were analysed. The results showed significant differences in the low intensity physical variables and in the technical actions of passing, when initiating the action on the ground, in control when the ball does not go on the ground and contact is made with other parts of the body. These data allow, through this constraint, to generate a greater technical variability to the tasks so that coaches can generate learning scenarios closer to the game. Keywords: non-linear pedagogy, training, learning, football, variability.

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“…Later, specifically in handball, only a few studies were conducted using the NLP [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Most of these describe the effects of constraints manipulation on the tactical motor behavior, mainly on the attack, in the context of specific modified game situations, particularly in male players where the use of specific special rules, the limitation of the space, and the use of a specific number of defense lines, impulses desired motor behaviors such as the relation between players to attack by penetrating the defense using crosses, short passes, and blocking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited evidence has been reported according to handball’s defensive motor behaviors developed by NLP. At the time this article was made, only the study of Flores–Rodríguez and Ramírez–Macías [ 18 ] has given some specific results of CM on defenders. This study has shown emerging motor behaviors such as individual defense to pivot player, increased number of intended pass interceptions, opponent changes, and counter blocking, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activating Specific Handball’s Defensive Motor Behaviors in Young Female Players: A Non-Linear Approach

et al. 2023

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Traditional models to train and teach young players in team sports assume that athletes learn as linear systems. However, an actual methodology called Non-Linear Pedagogy (NLP) accounts for the fact that the players and the team are complex dynamic systems. Experiences in handball under this methodology are scarce; due to this, an observational study has been conducted with a follow-up, idiographic and multidimensional design, in which 14 female school handball players belonging to four different local teams in Santiago, Chile (age = 15.55 + 0.51) agreed to participate in three special handball training sessions with the use of the NLP methodology where three different constraints were used. Descriptive analysis with the Chi-squared test showed a total of 252 observations where most of the variables were dependent on the constraints (p ≤ 0.001). Frequency showed that mainly “Defense in Line of progression” and “Proximal contact” were the most activated variables, followed by “Harassment” and “Deterrence” for all constraints. However, only constraint 2 highly activated two collective motor behaviors, while the rest only did it with individual motor behaviors. It is concluded that the constraints used in training seem to be effective in activating a group of defensive handball motor behaviors, specifically those that are basic for female school handball players.

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Non-linear Pedagogy in Handball: the Influence of Drill Constraints

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational results

Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational results

El reinicio del juego como constreñimiento de la tarea para el desarrollo técnico y físico de los jóvenes jugadores de fútbol (Restarting the game as a task constraint for the technical and physical development of young football players)

Activating Specific Handball’s Defensive Motor Behaviors in Young Female Players: A Non-Linear Approach

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