Non-line-of-sight small cell backhauling using microwave technology

Coldrey, Mikael; Berg, Jan-Erik; Manholm, Lars; Larsson, Christina; Hansryd, Jonas

doi:10.1109/mcom.2013.6588654

Cited by 56 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The results indicate that in HetNets the backhaul network represents a considerable portion of the TCO, while in homogeneous networks, based on macro BSs only, the backhaul cost does not affect significantly the TCO. In [10] the authors evaluated a microwave-based backhaul network for small cells in terms of cost-efficiency and time required for deployment. Their results showed that point-to-point microwave is a costefficient technology to provide high backhaul capacity in short deployment times.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost- and energy-efficient backhaul options for heterogeneous mobile network deployments

et al. 2016

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Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) have the potential to cater for the capacity requirements of mobile broadband services at reduced cost and energy consumption levels. One key aspect in HetNets is the role of the backhaul. More specifically, it is crucial for a mobile operator to understand the impact of specific technological and architectural upgrades in the mobile backhaul network on the capital and operational expenditure (i.e., CAPEX and OPEX). This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology that can be used to analyze the total cost of ownership of a number of backhaul options based on fiber, microwave, and copper technologies. The study considers both a Greenfield and a Brownfield scenario and takes into account the mobile broadband capacity requirements for the time period between years 2015 and 2025. From the results presented in the paper it can be concluded that even though microwave and fiber will be predominately used in the future, the possible migration paths leading to such fiber-and microwave-based backhaul scenarios might be different, depending upon factors such as spectrum and license costs, time to deployment, availability of equipment, and required quality of service levels.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost- and energy-efficient backhaul options for heterogeneous mobile network deployments

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, the backhaul capacity should be able to support the busy hour traffic and have enough margin to cover its future growth and statistical variation [10]. In wireless backhaul, the available bandwidth, share of radio resources and modulation scheme (and hence SINR) impact the backhaul capacity.…”

Section: Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dimensioning the backhaul network for the busy time mean cell throughput will result in a reduced cost, since it is always lower than the quiet time peak cell throughput, but may prevent operators to exploit the full benefit of small cells. The minimum target today in order to backhaul LTE small cells is around 50 Mbps, and 150 Mbps or higher capacities are required to support peak data rates [10]. These numbers are expected to grow as multiple radio access technologies and additional spectrum become available for small cells.…”

Section: Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite of the common assumption that LOS is the only choice at very high frequencies like E-band, in [10], the authors show that NLOS radio connections are possible provided that antennas with large gains are available to compensate for path losses. Increasing the antenna gain, however, will decrease its beamwidth, thus increasing the need for even more accurate antenna alignments.…”

Section: Carrier Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small cell backhaul: challenges and prospective solutions

Jafari

López-Pérez²,

Song

et al. 2015

J Wireless Com Network

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Operators are currently considering the deployment of small cells to complement their macrocellular networks and in crease their coverage and capacity. However, in order to roll-out a large number of small cells and allow anytime, anywhere wireless broadband connectivity through wireless technologies, operators must still face the challenge of backhauling the traffic from the small cells to the core network in a cost-effective manner. In this paper, backhaul challenges for small cell base stations (BSs) are discussed, and potential wired and wireless solutions together with their benefits and drawbacks are presented. The use of large scale antennas systems and free-space optics is also discussed. Moreover, a wireless backhaul planning tool targeted at finding the most cost-effective backhaul solution using a mixture of wireless technologies is presented. Simulation results confirm that the optimum backhaul solution is a combination of various options, which can overcome inherent scenario constraints while providing a cost-effective performance.

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“…in [1] proposed mm-Wave solution for nonLine-of-Sight (nLoS) applications where it is claimed that Quality of Service (QoS) increases by pointing receiver antenna to the direction of best approaching reflected ray. 73GHz band has shown better atmospheric absorption characteristics compared to the 60GHz frequency band for wideband connections [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mm-Wave STSK-aided Single Carrier block transmission for broadband networking

Rahman

Habib

Sacchi

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)

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Abstract-Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) communications has been considered as a strong candidate for future wireless standards, due to the large available bandwidth in the order of gigahertz. As a result, a plethora of future services and application-oriented scenarios can be conceived, under suitable propagation conditions. Accurate physical (PHY) layer design plays a vital role in the deployment of robust transmission systems able to efficiently exploit the large bandwidth portions available in the mm-Wave frequencies. In this paper, we propose Space-Time Shift Keying (STSK) MIMO coding combined with Cyclic-Prefixed Single Carrier (CP-SC) block transmission for broadband data exchange over frequency-selective mm-Wave channels. STSK allows to exploit transmit and receive diversity with better performance when compared with state-of-the-art MIMO techniques only relying on receive diversity, such as, for example Spatial Modulation (SM). The performance of CP-SC-STSK and CP-SC-SM have been assessed in the presence of phase noise and imperfect channel estimation, considering 2 and 4 elements MIMO systems and LoS indoor vs. nLoS outdoor 73 GHz multipath channels. We show that the STSK-based solution using MMSE Frequency-Domain Equalization (FDE) is very robust against the aforementioned impairments and clearly outperforms CP-SC-SM at the price of a slight increase of receiver complexity and a throughput reduction of 50% when 4 × 4 MIMO systems are considered.

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Non-line-of-sight small cell backhauling using microwave technology

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

Cost- and energy-efficient backhaul options for heterogeneous mobile network deployments

Cost- and energy-efficient backhaul options for heterogeneous mobile network deployments

Small cell backhaul: challenges and prospective solutions

Mm-Wave STSK-aided Single Carrier block transmission for broadband networking

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