Non-Invasive Visualization of Ferroelectric Domain Structures on the Non-Polar y-Surface of KTiOPO4 via Raman Imaging

Brockmeier, Julian; Mackwitz, P.; Rüsing, Michael; Eigner, Christof; Padberg, Laura; Santandrea, Matteo; Silberhorn, Christine; Zrenner, A.; Berth, Gerhard

doi:10.3390/cryst11091086

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…While all these methods provide in-depth insight into the domain structure, they only provide limited-if any-insight into the local stoichiometry, strain of the diffused or other waveguide types. In this regard, (confocal) µ-Raman spectroscopy provides an ideal tool to study and visualize (local) strain, stoichiometry, defects and domain structures, as well as their interactions, which can act as a mediator between the various established techniques [3,25,[28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman spectroscopy is based on the inelastic scattering of photons with phonons. As the phonon frequencies, their selection rules and scattering cross-section are influenced by the presence of domain walls, strains, defects or the stoichiometry [3,25,[28][29][30][31]; a detailed analysis of the spectrum may provide in-depth insight into the local material properties. However, any in-depth interpretation of spectral changes is challenging because the Raman spectra of the KTiOPO 4 family are very complex and only partly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vibrational Properties of the Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Crystal Family

Neufeld,

Gerstmann,

Padberg

et al. 2023

Crystals

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The crystal family of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4) is a promising material group for applications in quantum and nonlinear optics. The fabrication of low-loss optical waveguides, as well as high-grade periodically poled ferroelectric domain structures, requires a profound understanding of the material properties and crystal structure. In this regard, Raman spectroscopy offers the possibility to study and visualize domain structures, strain, defects, and the local stoichiometry, which are all factors impacting device performance. However, the accurate interpretation of Raman spectra and their changes with respect to extrinsic and intrinsic defects requires a thorough assignment of the Raman modes to their respective crystal features, which to date is only partly conducted based on phenomenological modelling. To address this issue, we calculated the phonon spectra of potassium titanyl phosphate and the related compounds rubidium titanyl phosphate (RbTiOPO4) and potassium titanyl arsenate (KTiOAsO4) based on density functional theory and compared them with experimental data. Overall, this allows us to assign various spectral features to eigenmodes of lattice substructures with improved detail compared to previous assignments. Nevertheless, the analysis also shows that not all features of the spectra can unambigiously be explained yet. A possible explanation might be that defects or long range fields not included in the modeling play a crucial rule for the resulting Raman spectrum. In conclusion, this work provides an improved foundation into the vibrational properties in the KTiOPO4 material family.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational Properties of the Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Crystal Family

Neufeld,

Gerstmann,

Padberg

et al. 2023

Crystals

Self Cite

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Large Electro‐Optic Coefficient in Single‐Domain PIN‐PMN‐PT Single Crystal

Liu,

Li,

et al. 2024

Advanced Optical Materials

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Due to the excellent shear‐mode piezoelectric properties, single‐domain tetragonal Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PMN‐PT) crystals are believed to possess giant electro‐optic (EO) coefficients as well. However, the EO properties of single‐domain PIN‐PMN‐PT crystals have not been systematically studied because of the difficulties in the single‐domain sample preparation. Here, by this newly developed orthogonal poling method, single‐domain tetragonal PIN‐PMN‐39PT crystals are successfully obtained by poling the sample along the non‐spontaneous polarization direction at room temperature. Optical grade crystal with good transparency and high EO coefficient component γ51 (≈2800 pm V−1) is achieved. The orientation dependence of the EO coefficient is analyzed based on the measured full matrix of the EO coefficients. This work confirms the giant EO performance of domain‐engineered PIN‐PMN‐PT single crystals mainly comes from the contribution of EO coefficient component γ51 of single domain crystal other than the domain wall or domain switching related mechanisms.

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Sub-quarter micrometer periodically poled Al0.68Sc0.32N for ultra-wideband photonics and acoustic devices

Tang,

Esteves,

Olsson

2023

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this study, we demonstrate the ability of polarity inversion of sputtered aluminum scandium nitride thin films through post-fabrication processes with domain widths as small as 220 nm at a periodicity of 440 nm. An approach using photo- and electron-beam lithography to generate sub-quarter micrometer feature size with adjustable duty cycle through a lift-off process is presented. The film with a coercive field Ec+ of 5.35 MV/cm was exercised first with a 1 kHz triangular double bipolar wave and ultimately poled with a 0.5 kHz double monopolar wave using a Radiant Precision Premier II tester. The metal polar (M-polar) and nitrogen polar (N-polar) domains were identified and characterized through potassium hydroxide wet etching as well as piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Well-distinguished boundaries between the oppositely polarized domain regions were confirmed through the phase diagram of the PFM results. The relationship between the electrode width, poling voltage, and domain growth was experimentally studied and statistically analyzed, where 7.96 nm/V domain width broadening vs escalating poling voltage was observed. This method produces extremely high domain spatial resolution in III-nitride materials via poling and is transferable to a CMOS-compatible photolithography process. The spatial resolution of the periodically poled Al0.68Sc0.32N is suitable for second-harmonic generation of deep ultraviolet through quasi-phase-matching and RF MEMS operating in the X-Band spectrum.

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Non-Invasive Visualization of Ferroelectric Domain Structures on the Non-Polar y-Surface of KTiOPO4 via Raman Imaging

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Vibrational Properties of the Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Crystal Family

Vibrational Properties of the Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Crystal Family

Large Electro‐Optic Coefficient in Single‐Domain PIN‐PMN‐PT Single Crystal

Sub-quarter micrometer periodically poled Al0.68Sc0.32N for ultra-wideband photonics and acoustic devices

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