Non-invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

Data from good quality randomised controlled trials show that NIV is beneficial as a first-line intervention in conjunction with usual care for reducing the likelihood of mortality and endotracheal intubation in patients admitted with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The magnitude of benefit for these outcomes appears similar for patients with acidosis of a mild (pH 7.30 to 7.35) versus a more severe nature (pH < 7.30), and when NIV is applied within the intensive care unit (ICU) or ward setting.

Comparing Nurse‐Led and Physician‐Led Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Management in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Both groups showed substantial improvements in PaO 2 and PaCO 2 levels, underscoring the efficacy of BiPAP as a critical intervention for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. These results are consistent with existing literature that documents the benefits of BiPAP in enhancing gas exchange and reducing the need for more invasive interventions (Osadnik et al 2017;Akhter and Rizvi 2017). However, most cited studies and our own findings are limited by relatively short follow-up intervals.…”

“…These results are consistent with existing literature that documents the benefits of BiPAP in enhancing gas exchange and reducing the need for more invasive interventions (Osadnik et al. 2017 ; Akhter and Rizvi 2017 ). However, most cited studies and our own findings are limited by relatively short follow‐up intervals.…”

Comparing Nurse‐Led and Physician‐Led Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Management in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Both groups showed substantial improvements in PaO 2 and PaCO 2 levels, underscoring the efficacy of BiPAP as a critical intervention for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. These results are consistent with existing literature that documents the benefits of BiPAP in enhancing gas exchange and reducing the need for more invasive interventions (Osadnik et al 2017;Akhter and Rizvi 2017). However, most cited studies and our own findings are limited by relatively short follow-up intervals.…”

“…These results are consistent with existing literature that documents the benefits of BiPAP in enhancing gas exchange and reducing the need for more invasive interventions (Osadnik et al. 2017 ; Akhter and Rizvi 2017 ). However, most cited studies and our own findings are limited by relatively short follow‐up intervals.…”

Outcomes of overweight and obese critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory infection

“…This may be related to more frequent hypercapnia, in which NIV plays an established role in mortality, as shown by decreasing mortality. 18 This finding is consistent with those of a systematic review and meta-analysis that studied the association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard BMI categories 19 and another systematic review and meta-analysis that showed overweight or obese BMI was associated with lower adjusted mortality rates among adults who were admitted to the ICU with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. 20 …”

High-Flow Nasal Cannula: A Promising Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Severe Bronchial Asthma Complicated with Respiratory Failure

“…Although related studies on HFNC in treating adult patients with asthma are rare, these findings corroborated previous studies evaluating type I respiratory failure [23,24]. Many studies on severe pneumonia, ARDS, status-post surgery, and weaning of mechanical ventilation showed that HFNC elevates PO 2 in patients with type I respiratory failure and mild type 2 respiratory failure [8][9][10][11]25]. e pathophysiological mechanisms of severe bronchial asthma complicated with respiratory failure are as follows: (1) airway spasm further causes ventilatory dysfunction, leading to respiratory failure;…”

Comparing Nurse‐Led and Physician‐Led Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Management in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Both groups showed substantial improvements in PaO 2 and PaCO 2 levels, underscoring the efficacy of BiPAP as a critical intervention for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. These results are consistent with existing literature that documents the benefits of BiPAP in enhancing gas exchange and reducing the need for more invasive interventions (Osadnik et al 2017;Akhter and Rizvi 2017). However, most cited studies and our own findings are limited by relatively short follow-up intervals.…”

“…These results are consistent with existing literature that documents the benefits of BiPAP in enhancing gas exchange and reducing the need for more invasive interventions (Osadnik et al. 2017 ; Akhter and Rizvi 2017 ). However, most cited studies and our own findings are limited by relatively short follow‐up intervals.…”

Outcomes of overweight and obese critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory infection

“…This may be related to more frequent hypercapnia, in which NIV plays an established role in mortality, as shown by decreasing mortality. 18 This finding is consistent with those of a systematic review and meta-analysis that studied the association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard BMI categories 19 and another systematic review and meta-analysis that showed overweight or obese BMI was associated with lower adjusted mortality rates among adults who were admitted to the ICU with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. 20 …”

High-Flow Nasal Cannula: A Promising Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Severe Bronchial Asthma Complicated with Respiratory Failure

“…Although related studies on HFNC in treating adult patients with asthma are rare, these findings corroborated previous studies evaluating type I respiratory failure [23,24]. Many studies on severe pneumonia, ARDS, status-post surgery, and weaning of mechanical ventilation showed that HFNC elevates PO 2 in patients with type I respiratory failure and mild type 2 respiratory failure [8][9][10][11]25]. e pathophysiological mechanisms of severe bronchial asthma complicated with respiratory failure are as follows: (1) airway spasm further causes ventilatory dysfunction, leading to respiratory failure;…”

Comparing Nurse‐Led and Physician‐Led Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Management in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Both groups showed substantial improvements in PaO 2 and PaCO 2 levels, underscoring the efficacy of BiPAP as a critical intervention for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. These results are consistent with existing literature that documents the benefits of BiPAP in enhancing gas exchange and reducing the need for more invasive interventions (Osadnik et al 2017;Akhter and Rizvi 2017). However, most cited studies and our own findings are limited by relatively short follow-up intervals.…”

“…These results are consistent with existing literature that documents the benefits of BiPAP in enhancing gas exchange and reducing the need for more invasive interventions (Osadnik et al. 2017 ; Akhter and Rizvi 2017 ). However, most cited studies and our own findings are limited by relatively short follow‐up intervals.…”

Outcomes of overweight and obese critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory infection

“…This may be related to more frequent hypercapnia, in which NIV plays an established role in mortality, as shown by decreasing mortality. 18 This finding is consistent with those of a systematic review and meta-analysis that studied the association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard BMI categories 19 and another systematic review and meta-analysis that showed overweight or obese BMI was associated with lower adjusted mortality rates among adults who were admitted to the ICU with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. 20 …”

High-Flow Nasal Cannula: A Promising Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Severe Bronchial Asthma Complicated with Respiratory Failure

“…Although related studies on HFNC in treating adult patients with asthma are rare, these findings corroborated previous studies evaluating type I respiratory failure [23,24]. Many studies on severe pneumonia, ARDS, status-post surgery, and weaning of mechanical ventilation showed that HFNC elevates PO 2 in patients with type I respiratory failure and mild type 2 respiratory failure [8][9][10][11]25]. e pathophysiological mechanisms of severe bronchial asthma complicated with respiratory failure are as follows: (1) airway spasm further causes ventilatory dysfunction, leading to respiratory failure;…”