Non-Invasive On-Chip Light Observation by Contactless Waveguide Conductivity Monitoring

Morichetti, Francesco; Grillanda, Stefano; Carminati, Marco; Ferrari, Giorgio; Sampietro, Marco; Strain, Michael J.; Sorel, Marc; Melloni, Andrea

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2014.2300046

Cited by 133 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…An alternative for using the IR camera would be replacing the grating couplers by some photodetector (such as Germanium photodetectors) and proceeding with a electronic readout of the detectors. To get rid of the directional coupler tap we could use alternatives such as the In-Resonator Photoconductive Heaters (IRPH, [8]) or the Contactless Integrated Photonic Probes (CLIPP [9]) as transparent photodetectors. The disadvantage of these approaches is the increase in complexity of the dedicated electronic circuitry involved to read the optical monitors.…”

Section: Circuit Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonstration of a 4 × 4-port universal linear circuit

Ribeiro

Ruocco

Vanacker

et al. 2016

Optica

170

103

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We present a silicon implementation of a 4-port universal linear optical circuit. Instead of predefining the exact functionality of a photonic circuit at design time, we demonstrate a simple generic silicon photonic circuit, combined with electronic control and software feedback, that can perform any linear operation between its 4 input and output ports. The circuit consists of a network of thermally tunable symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers with phase and amplitude control, in-circuit optical power monitors, and local software controlled feedback loops. The circuit can be configured using a training mechanism, which makes it to self-adapt to implement the desired function. We use the circuit to demonstrate an adaptive, universal beam coupler, as well as a switch matrix.

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Section: Circuit Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively one could use CLIPPs [9] for the monitors readout. The CLIPP detector is compatible with passive silicon photonics platform, which reduce the cost of the circuit.…”

Section: Circuit Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of a 4 × 4-port universal linear circuit

Ribeiro

Ruocco

Vanacker

et al. 2016

Optica

170

103

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“…Due to the typical doping of SOI wafers (10 15 cm −3 , p-type), the Si core acts mainly as a resistor of conductance G, whereas the insulating top cladding provides the access capacitances C A . The CLIPP monitors variations of the waveguide electric conductance ΔG with optical power P that are induced by a carrier generation effect, occurring at the native Si∕SiO 2 interface, associated with intrinsic surface state absorption (SSA) processes [16,19]. These phenomena exist even in ideally smooth interfaces due to the termination of the Si lattice at the walls of the waveguide core [20].…”

Section: Clipp Concept and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the capacitively coupled electrodes of the CLIPP perform a remote monitoring of the optical field, thus avoiding any perturbation [16]. In this sense, the CLIPP realizes a transparent detector that can be placed in any point of the circuit to monitor its local status without affecting its functionality.…”

Section: Clipp Concept and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amplitude of the applied signal is usually V e 1 V, so that neither attenuation nor significant perturbation of the optical mode and quality factor is induced [16]. The integrated electronic circuit manages control operations of the microring, like wavelength tuning, locking, labeling, and swapping, using the dithering and feedback controller units reported in the schematic (see Sections 4-6).…”

Section: Clipp Readout Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-invasive monitoring and control in silicon photonics using CMOS integrated electronics

Grillanda¹,

Carminati²,

Morichetti³

et al. 2014

Optica

Self Cite

117

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As photonics moves from the single-device level toward large-scale, integrated, and complex systems on a chip, monitoring, control, and stabilization of the components become critical. We need to monitor a circuit non-invasively and apply a simple, fast, and robust feedback control. Here, we show non-invasive monitoring and feedback control of high-quality-factor silicon (Si) photonic resonators assisted by a transparent detector that is directly integrated inside the cavity. Control operations are entirely managed by a CMOS microelectronic circuit that is bridged to the Si photonic chip and hosts many parallel electronic readout channels. Advanced functionalities, such as wavelength tuning, locking, labeling, and swapping, are demonstrated. The non-invasive nature of the transparent monitor and the scalability of the CMOS readout system offer a viable solution for the control of arbitrarily reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits aggregating many components on a single chip.

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State‐of‐the‐art all‐silicon sub‐bandgap photodetectors at telecom and datacom wavelengths

Casalino

Coppola

Rue

et al. 2016

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Silicon-based technologies provide an ideal platform for the monolithic integration of photonics and microelectronics. In this context, a variety of passive and active silicon photonic devices have been developed to operate at telecom and datacom wavelengths, at which silicon has minimal optical absorption -due to its bandgap of 1.12 eV. Although in principle this transparency window limits the use of silicon for optical detection above 1.1 µm, in recent years tremendous advances have been achieved in the field of all-silicon subbandgap photodetectors at telecom and datacom wavelengths -by taking advantage of new emerging materials and structures. In this paper, a review of the state of the art is presented.Devices based on defect-mediated absorption, two-photon absorption and the internal photoemission effect are reported, their working principles are elucidated and their performance discussed and compared.

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Non-Invasive On-Chip Light Observation by Contactless Waveguide Conductivity Monitoring

Cited by 133 publications

References 41 publications

Demonstration of a 4 × 4-port universal linear circuit

Demonstration of a 4 × 4-port universal linear circuit

Non-invasive monitoring and control in silicon photonics using CMOS integrated electronics

State‐of‐the‐art all‐silicon sub‐bandgap photodetectors at telecom and datacom wavelengths

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