Non-falciparum malaria in Dakar: a confirmed case of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection

Diallo, Mama Sy; Badiane, Aïda Sadikh; Diongue, Khadim; Déme, Awa B.; Lucchi, Naomi W.; Gaye, M; Ndiaye, Tolla; Ndiaye, Mouhamadou; Sene, Louise K.; Diop, Abdoulaye; Gaye, Amy; Ndiaye, Yaye Dié; Samb, Diama; Yade, Mamadou Samb; Ndir, O.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Ndiaye, Daouda

doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1485-1

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Common features of non- falciparum infections include chronicity, low parasite density, asymptomatic and multiple species infection [ 30 ]. In West Africa, these plasmodial infections have been detected in children [ 31 , 32 ], adults [ 32 , 33 ], and pregnant women [ 14 – 16 ]. However, the prevalence of non- falciparum infections among different populations remains undocumented in many West African countries, including Benin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicroscopic placental infection by non-falciparum Plasmodium spp.

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAmong the Plasmodium species that infect humans, adverse effects of P. falciparum and P. vivax have been extensively studied and reported with respect to poor outcomes particularly in first time mothers and in pregnant women living in areas with unstable malaria transmission. Although, other non-falciparum malaria infections during pregnancy have sometimes been reported, little is known about the dynamics of these infections during pregnancy.Methods and findingsUsing a quantitative PCR approach, blood samples collected from Beninese pregnant women during the first antenatal visit (ANV) and at delivery including placental blood were screened for Plasmodium spp. Risk factors associated with Plasmodium spp. infection during pregnancy were assessed as well as the relationships with pregnancy outcomes.P. falciparum was the most prevalent Plasmodium species detected during pregnancy, irrespective either of parity, of age or of season during which the infection occurred. Although no P. vivax infections were detected in this cohort, P. malariae (9.2%) and P. ovale (5.8%) infections were observed in samples collected during the first ANV. These non-falciparum infections were also detected in maternal peripheral blood (1.3% for P. malariae and 1.2% for P. ovale) at delivery. Importantly, higher prevalence of P. malariae (5.5%) was observed in placental than peripheral blood while that of P. ovale was similar (1.8% in placental blood). Among the non-falciparum infected pregnant women with paired peripheral and placental samples, P. malariae infections in the placental blood was significantly higher than in the peripheral blood, suggesting a possible affinity of P. malariae for the placenta. However, no assoctiation of non-falciparum infections and the pregnancy outcomes was observedConclusionsOverall this study provided insights into the molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium spp. infection during pregnancy, indicating placental infection by non-falciparum Plasmodium and the lack of association of these infections with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicroscopic placental infection by non-falciparum Plasmodium spp.

et al. 2018

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“…Historically, and recently, there have been ad hoc reports of malaria infections caused by species other than P. falciparum in Sénégal. While previous reports in Sénégal have indicated low or reduced incidence of these species [4, 5], there are limited data from other regions of the country, and it remains unknown if these observations can be generalized nationwide. Furthermore, P. malariae is relatively under-reported in these regions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of non-Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in Kédougou, Sénégal

Daniels

Déme

Gomis

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundExpanded malaria control efforts in Sénégal have resulted in increased use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) to identify the primary disease-causing Plasmodium species, Plasmodium falciparum. However, the type of RDT utilized in Sénégal does not detect other malaria-causing species such as Plasmodium ovale spp., Plasmodium malariae, or Plasmodium vivax. Consequently, there is a lack of information about the frequency and types of malaria infections occurring in Sénégal. This study set out to better determine whether species other than P. falciparum were evident among patients evaluated for possible malaria infection in Kédougou, Sénégal.MethodsReal-time polymerase chain reaction speciation assays for P. vivax, P. ovale spp., and P. malariae were developed and validated by sequencing and DNA extracted from 475 Plasmodium falciparum-specific HRP2-based RDT collected between 2013 and 2014 from a facility-based sample of symptomatic patients from two health clinics in Kédougou, a hyper-endemic region in southeastern Sénégal, were analysed.Results Plasmodium malariae (n = 3) and P. ovale wallikeri (n = 2) were observed as co-infections with P. falciparum among patients with positive RDT results (n = 187), including one patient positive for all three species. Among 288 negative RDT samples, samples positive for P. falciparum (n = 24), P. ovale curtisi (n = 3), P. ovale wallikeri (n = 1), and P. malariae (n = 3) were identified, corresponding to a non-falciparum positivity rate of 2.5%.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the limitations of the RDT used for malaria diagnosis and demonstrate that non-P. falciparum malaria infections occur in Sénégal. Current RDT used for routine clinical diagnosis do not necessarily provide an accurate reflection of malaria transmission in Kédougou, Sénégal, and more sensitive and specific methods are required for diagnosis and patient care, as well as surveillance and elimination activities. These findings have implications for other malaria endemic settings where species besides P. falciparum may be transmitted and overlooked by control or elimination activities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1661-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Both P. ovale spp. have been infrequently reported from Bangladesh [16]; Bioko Island [17], the Comoros Islands [18], Congo-Brazzaville [17], Ethiopia [19, 20], Ghana [21], India [22], the Ivory Coast [16], Kenya [23], Senegal [24, 25], and Uganda [17]. Plasmodium o. wallikeri is also prevalent in Malaysia [26], while P. o. curtisi infections have recently been reported from Sri Lanka [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of two PCR protocols for the differentiation of Plasmodium ovale species and implications for clinical management in travellers returning to Germany: a 10-year cross-sectional study

Frickmann

Wegner

Ruben

et al. 2019

Malar J

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Background: To assess the occurrence of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi species in travellers returning to Germany, two real-time PCR protocols for the detection and differentiation of the two P. ovale species were compared. Results of parasite differentiation were correlated with patient data. Methods: Residual nucleic acid extractions from EDTA blood samples of patients with P. ovale spp. malaria, collected between 2010 and 2019 at the National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens in Germany, were subjected to further parasite discrimination in a retrospective assessment. All samples had been analysed by microscopy and by P. ovale spp.-specific real-time PCR without discrimination on species level. Two different real-time PCR protocols for species discrimination of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri were carried out. Results were correlated with patient data on gender, age, travel destination, thrombocyte count, and duration of parasite latency. Results: Samples from 77 P. ovale spp. malaria patients were assessed, with a male:female ratio of about 2:1 and a median age of 30 years. Parasitaemia was low, ranging from few visible parasites up to 1% infected erythrocytes. Discriminative real-time PCRs revealed 41 cases of P. o. curtisi and 36 cases of P. o. wallikeri infections. Concordance of results by the two PCR approaches was 100%. Assessment of travel destinations confirmed coexistence of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri over a wide range of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Latency periods for the two P. ovale species were similar, with median values of 56.0 days for P. o. curtisi and 58.0 days for P. o. wallikeri; likewise, there was no statistically significant difference in thrombocyte count with median values of 138.5/µL for patients with P. o. curtisi and 152.0/µL for P. o. wallikeri-infected patients. Conclusions: Two different real-time PCR protocols were found to be suitable for the discrimination of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri with only minor differences in sensitivity. Due to the overall low parasitaemia and the lack of differences in severity-related aspects like parasite latency periods or thrombocyte counts, this study supports the use of P. ovale spp. PCR without discrimination on species level to confirm the diagnosis and to inform clinical management of malaria in these patients.

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Non-falciparum malaria in Dakar: a confirmed case of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Submicroscopic placental infection by non-falciparum Plasmodium spp.

Submicroscopic placental infection by non-falciparum Plasmodium spp.

Evidence of non-Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in Kédougou, Sénégal

A comparison of two PCR protocols for the differentiation of Plasmodium ovale species and implications for clinical management in travellers returning to Germany: a 10-year cross-sectional study

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