Non-coding RNA-linked epigenetic regulation in cardiac hypertrophy

Abstract

Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive enlargement of myocardium in response to pressure overload caused various pathological insults, which is accompanied by alteration of a complex cascade of signaling pathways. During the hypertrophy process, many changes occur at cellular level including gene reprogramming by turning off chromatin regulators. Studies from the past decade have demonstrated that the abnormal epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and oxidative modification of nucleic acid, could lead to changes in chromosome structure and cardiac dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have functional significance in modulating the gene expression during those pathological events in the heart. Emerging evidences have highlighted that ncRNAs might serve as a signal for changing the state of chromatin, however, the knowledge about the ncRNA-linked epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in cardiac pathologies is still largely unexplored. In this review, we summarize the current information on association between ncRNAs and epigenetic modifications in cardiac hypertrophy, and we have discussed their crosstalk. In addition, this review provides insights into their therapeutic and diagnostic potential for treating hypertrophic heart disease.

SIRT3 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by regulating PARP-1 activity

“…However, persistent cardiac hypertrophy reduces myocardial compliance, which is insufficient to maintain the body's requirements for blood pumping. The heart function will gradually deteriorate and eventually develop into heart failure [6]. Prevention of ventricular remodeling can slow down the progression of cardiac insufficiency, prolong the survival time of patients, and improve their prognosis [7][8][9][10].…”

Multiple Levels of PGC-1α Dysregulation in Heart Failure

“…However, ncRNAs play an important role in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. ncRNAs that appear to be involved in epigenetic processes are generally classified into two subgroups based on their length; the long ncRNAs (>200 nt) and the small ncRNAs (<30 nt), the latter of which have three major classes: microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) [reviewed in (118,119)]. Among those, miRNAs are the important regulators of gene expression.…”

The Roles of Natural Compounds in Epigenetics

“…Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate gene expression through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms and modulate epigenetic events through chromatin remodeling [60,61]. Only 1-2% of the transcripts of eukaryotic genomic DNA encode proteins, whereas the majority is transcribed as ncRNAs [61].…”