Non-cancellation of the parity anomaly in the strong-field regime of QED2+1

QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections

“…Anomalies have been investigated for Abelian theories off-equilibrium for the fully dynamical situation, including the back-reaction of the fermions onto the gauge fields, in one [360,361], two [362] and three [363,364] spatial dimensions. In Refs.…”

“…Quantum fluctuations lead to an anomalous violation of parity symmetry in quantum electrodynamics for an even number of spatial dimensions, that was studied in Ref. [362] using the previously described lattice simulation techniques. While the leading parity-odd electric current vanishes in vacuum, a non-cancellation of the anomaly for strong electric fields off-equilibrium is observed with distinct macroscopic signatures.…”

Strong-field Breit-Wheeler pair production in $\mathrm{QED}_{2+1}$

“…Because of a complex technical implementation, these quantum simulators have been restricted so far to systems of lower dimensionality, so that the question arises, which differences occur as compared to 3+1 dimensions. In the realm of quantum electrodynamics, the progress in this field has led to an experimental implementation of the 1+1-dimensional Schwinger mechanism [50,51], which was investigated thoroughly by theoreticians [52][53][54], whereas current research efforts are spent towards QED 2+1 [55][56][57][58]. Hence, with the present study of the non-perturbative Breit-Wheeler pair creation we provide a scenario which may be further explored through the branch of quantum simulation.…”

Scalable cold-atom quantum simulator for two-dimensional QED

“…Our implementation scheme can be applied to general non-equilibrium situations, for instance to study thermalization dynamics in an isolated, interacting gauge theory as a model capturing certain aspects of strongly correlated gauge fields in heavy ion collisions [35]. Including fermions would give rise to experimental studies of the string breaking mechanism [36], as well as quantum anomalies out of equilibrium [37,38] or Schwinger pair production beyond one spatial dimension [39]. Such far-from-equilibrium phenomena typically include high occupations of the gauge fields and are expected to require large n [26].…”