Nodular Esophageal Xanthoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Xanthomas are localized nonneoplastic lesions within tissues that may manifest as papules, plaques, or nodules. These lesions can be found anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, commonly in the stomach and colon, and rarely in the small intestine and esophagus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy is the gold standard tool for diagnosis. Here, we report a rare case of a lower solitary nodular esophageal xanthoma in an elderly black female. Correspondingly, all cases of esophageal xanthomas reported in the English medical literature were reviewed and presented with the reported case.

Gastric Xanthoma Associated with Gastric Cancer Development: An Updated Review

“…Infections can become very aggressive and even fatal, without an intact immune system. Dirweesh et al [46] revealed that xanthomas are generally asymptomatic and may remain undetected if there are no related GI lesions in the patient. eir presence may be a sign of metabolic disturbance, such as hyperlipidemia, or may be linked with other circumstances such as prior radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and infection [cytomegalovirus (CMV) and mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) colitis] in immunosuppressed patients (HIV) [19].…”

Esophageal Xanthoma in Barrett’s Esophagus Associated with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Use

“…EX was first reported in 1984, by Remmele and Engelsing [2]. and since then, 23 cases have been published in the English literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. According to the reported cases, esophageal xanthoma is generally a solitary, small (usually 2-5 mm, maximum 10 mm), yellowish elevated lesion [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…and since then, 23 cases have been published in the English literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. According to the reported cases, esophageal xanthoma is generally a solitary, small (usually 2-5 mm, maximum 10 mm), yellowish elevated lesion [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Most patients have mild or no gastrointestinal symptoms and the malignant transformation of EX has never been reported [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Esophageal xanthoma (EX) is a very rare tumor-like lesion [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The etiology of it is unknown, but Uehara K. et al suggest that EX is associated with late inflammatory and reparative processes long after the initial injury of the esophageal squamous epithelium [3].…”

Dysplastic Barrett’s lesion with white opaque substance and xanthoma

“…Since then, gastric xanthelasmas have been widely reported, with a prevalence of up to 7% 8 . Esophageal xanthelasmas were first described in 1984, and since then 22 cases have been reported in the literature 9, 10. Esophageal xanthomas are rarely larger than 5 mm, and the largest reported was 20 mm 9 …”