Nodding Syndrome in Onchocerciasis Endemic Areas

Colebunders, Robert; Hendy, Adam; Oijen, Marieke van

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.05.013

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Head nodding was not reported in the limited number of persons with Nakalanga described in the literature, but in most cases, the type of epilepsy was not specified . Both NS and the Nakalanga syndrome seem to disappear from the area when an onchocerciasis control program is implemented …”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Today, because of the increasing evidence of an association between NS and onchocerciasis, the 2012 WHO case definition of NS may need to be updated. Recently, a simple point‐of‐care test, the Ov16 rapid antibody test, became available . Including a positive Ov16 rapid antibody test in the case definitions of onchocerciasis‐associated conditions could be considered.…”

Section: Case Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact burden of disease attributed to OAE is currently unknown but seems to be considerably high because of the number of people at risk. Indeed, if we consider that the onchocerciasis infection is poorly controlled in 30% of the 37 million people infected, and that 1% of those develop epilepsy (equivalent to the approximate excess prevalence of epilepsy over nononchocerciasis areas), the number of OAE cases could be more than 100,000 . In Mvolo, a village in South Sudan, one in six children suffer from epilepsy and at least 50% of the families have at least one child with epilepsy .…”

Section: Public Health Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Both NS and the Nakalanga syndrome seem to disappear from the area when an onchocerciasis control program is implemented. 50 Most patients with OAE present with generalized primarily tonic-clonic seizures, clinically not different from seizures of another etiology. The main differences between OAE and other forms of epilepsy are the time of onset, between the ages of 3 and 18 years (mean age 8-12 years), the fact that persons with epilepsy live in villages with high Ov transmission, and the fact siblings in the family often are also affected by epilepsy.…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy: From recent epidemiological and clinical findings to policy implications

et al. 2017

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SummaryA high prevalence of epilepsy is reported in many onchocerciasis‐endemic regions. In this paper we discuss recent epidemiological and clinical aspects as well as public health implications of onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy (OAE) and propose a strategy to reduce the burden of disease. OAE probably presents in a variety of clinical manifestations, including the nodding syndrome and the Nakalanga syndrome. The most common clinical presentation, however, is generalized (primarily tonic‐clonic) seizures. A characteristic of OAE is the onset of seizures between the ages of 3 and 18 years and clustering in certain families and villages close to rapid‐flowing black‐fly‐infested rivers. A strategy combining active surveillance for epilepsy with early treatment with antiepileptic drugs and prevention of onchocerciasis by increasing the geographical and therapeutic coverage of community‐directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) may considerably decrease the burden of disease.

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Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Case Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Public Health Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy: From recent epidemiological and clinical findings to policy implications

et al. 2017

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“…Onchocerciasis is the world's second leading infectious cause of blindness after trachoma [2]. Onchocerciasis can also cause excess mortality [3][4][5] and is associated with epilepsy, nodding 788 syndrome and hyposexual dwarfism (Nakalanga syndrome) [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic evaluations of onchocerciasis interventions: a systematic review and research needs

Turner

Walker

Pion

et al. 2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objective To provide a systematic review of economic evaluations that has been conducted for onchocerciasis interventions, to summarise current key knowledge and to identify research gaps. Method A systematic review of the literature was conducted on the 8th of August 2018 using the PubMed ( MEDLINE ) and ISI Web of Science electronic databases. No date or language stipulations were applied to the searches. Results We identified 14 primary studies reporting the results of economic evaluations of onchocerciasis interventions, seven of which were cost‐effectiveness analyses. The studies identified used a variety of different approaches to estimate the costs of the investigated interventions/programmes. Originally, the studies only quantified the benefits associated with preventing blindness. Gradually, methods improved and also captured onchocerciasis‐associated skin disease. Studies found that eliminating onchocerciasis would generate billions in economic benefits. The majority of the cost‐effectiveness analyses evaluated annual mass drug administration ( MDA ). The estimated cost per disability‐adjusted life year ( DALY ) averted of annual MDA varies between US $3 and US $30 (cost year variable). Conclusions The cost benefit and cost effectiveness of onchocerciasis interventions have consistently been found to be very favourable. This finding provides strong evidential support for the ongoing efforts to eliminate onchocerciasis from endemic areas. Although these results are very promising, there are several important research gaps that need to be addressed as we move towards the 2020 milestones and beyond.

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Onchocerciasis Drug Discovery

Hawryluk¹,

Scandale

2019

Neglected Tropical Diseases

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Nodding Syndrome in Onchocerciasis Endemic Areas

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy: From recent epidemiological and clinical findings to policy implications

Onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy: From recent epidemiological and clinical findings to policy implications

Economic evaluations of onchocerciasis interventions: a systematic review and research needs

Onchocerciasis Drug Discovery

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