Nocturnal flowering and pollination of a rare Caribbean sage, <i>Salvia arborescens</i> (Lamiaceae)

Reith, Martin; Zona, Scott

doi:10.1080/23766808.2016.1230461

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…To avoid creating a category of butterfly pollination with a single species, and because its pollinator(s) has not been confirmed, we grouped S. whitehousei with the polymorphic group, where other unconfirmed species have been placed. Salvia arborescens from Hispaniola is the only species documented to flower strictly at night and is moth pollinated (Reith and Zona 2016). Because of a lack of morphological information for this species, it was not included it in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): Evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods

et al. 2020

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Switches in pollinators have been argued to be key drivers of floral evolution in angiosperms. However, few studies have tested the relationship between floral shape evolution and switches in pollination in large clades. In concert with a dated phylogeny, we present a morphometric analysis of corolla, anther connective, and style shape across 44% of nearly 1000 species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) and test four hypotheses of floral evolution. We demonstrate that floral morphospace of New World (NW) Salvia is largely distinct from that of Old World (OW) Salvia and that these differences are pollinator driven; shifts in floral morphology sometimes mirror shifts in pollinators; anther connectives (key constituents of the Salvia staminal lever) and styles co‐evolved from curved to linear shapes following shifts from bee to bird pollination; and morphological differences between NW and OW bee flowers are partly the legacy of constraints imposed by an earlier shift to bird pollination in the NW. The distinctive staminal lever in Salvia is a morphologically diverse structure that has evolved in concert with both the corolla and style, under different pollinator pressures, and in contingent fashion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): Evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods

et al. 2020

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“…The weeds Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Verbenaceae), Commelina diffusa (Commelinaceae), and Salvia palifolia (Lamiaceae), predominant in shaded coffee crops, can be important sources of food due to their variety of attributes such as a long period of profuse flowers and vibrant colors, volumes of nectar and considerable pollen grains, adequate growth for soil protection, and unusual morphologies to attract a variety of pollinators (Barp et al, 2010;De La Vega et al, 2000;Lundgren, 2009;Reith and Zona 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arévalo et al-Feeding and refuge of beneficial coffee insects pollinators (Barp et al, 2010;De La Vega et al, 2000;Lundgren, 2009;Reith and Zona 2016).…”

Section: Hours Of Higher Activity Of Insects Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee crop weeds: refuge and food source for pests’ natural enemies

Arévalo

Albino-Bohórquez

et al. 2021

rcia

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Weeds in coffee crops have diverse ecosystem services, such as sheltering and feeding natural enemies of pest insects. This study aimed to identify the potential of coffee weeds as food and refuge for natural enemies in shaded and sun coffee crops. Weeds were sampled in a 100 m transect installed in each type of coffee crop. Malaise traps and sweep-nets were both used to capture insects every 15 days for five months. After identifying the dominant weeds, observations and a direct recollection of insects were carried out at three different hours during three days. Faunistic analyses were performed, as well as the Bray and Curtis similarity analysis and the Student's t test. Emilia sonchifolia, Acmella oppositifolia, Bidens pilosa were predominant in the free exposure sun plantation coffee crops and Commelina diffusa, Salvia palifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis in under shade coffee crops. High insect activity was found between 11:30 am-12:00 pm. In these weeds, we found about 15 families, the most important were Formicidae, Braconidae, and Coccinellidae. We concluded that the shaded coffee crops exhibited a natural enemy community similar to that of the sun. Through this exploratory study, we verified that weeds harbor a diversity of natural enemies important to the coffee agroecosystems.

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“…Among a variety of small, medium-sized, and large bees, melittoid flies (belonging to the bee pollinator guild, Vogel, 2012) have been proven to be effective pollinators of Salvia (Celep et al, 2014). Reith & Zona. (2016) observed that the Caribbean Salvia arborescens, when provided with a typical moth pollination syndrome, was visited by Celiptera levinum (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae), which served as a nocturnal pollinator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective hawkmoth pollination in the primarily bee‐pollinated Salvia daiguii—an example of adaptive generalization

Xiao

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

Plant Species Biology

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Many plants exhibit floral traits that are directed to specific pollinator groups. Nevertheless, they can also attract less‐adapted pollinators and gain benefits under certain conditions, resulting in adapted generalization. This may be the case in Salvia daiguii (Lamiaceae), an endangered, bee‐pollinated species native to the Tianmenshan National Forest Park, China. The flower appears phenotypically specialized to bees but is also visited by Macroglossum bombylans. In the present study, we test whether the moth is an effective pollinator of S. daiguii. We quantified and compared the frequency of flower visits by bees and moths and the number of pollen grains deposited on the stigma after a single visit. We also recorded the movements of pistils and stamens of S. daiguii and the behavior of the hawkmoth at the flowers. We found that Apis cerana was the predominant pollinator, depositing an average of 4.74 pollen grains on the stigma after a single visit. However, as the style bends downward during anthesis and reaches the same level as the anthers, Macroglossum individuals hovering around the flowers were also able to effectively transfer pollen to the stigma. On average, 1.38 pollen grains were deposited on the stigma during a single visit. We demonstrate for the first time that the hawkmoth is an effective secondary pollinator in the primarily bee‐pollinated S. daiguii. Style bending allows a nectar thief to become a secondary pollinator. The extent of pollinator generalization is thus increased without affecting the fundamental phenotype adapted to bees as the main pollinators.

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Nocturnal flowering and pollination of a rare Caribbean sage, Salvia arborescens (Lamiaceae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): Evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods

Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): Evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods

Coffee crop weeds: refuge and food source for pests’ natural enemies

Effective hawkmoth pollination in the primarily bee‐pollinated Salvia daiguii—an example of adaptive generalization

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