Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis sp. nov., a New Species of Nocardia Which Groups Bacterial Strains Previously Identified as Nocardia brasiliensis and Associated with Invasive Diseases

Abstract

duce noncutaneous nocardioses, such as a pulmonary nocardiosis, a central nervous system nocardiosis, or a systemic nocardiosis, while N. brasiliensis sensu stricto is isolated mainly from cutaneous sites (25).To establish more precisely the taxonomic status of the new taxon and to distinguish it from N. brasiliensis, we studied four of the strains used by Wallace et al. (25) and one strain isolated in France in 1992 from a patient with fatal systemic nocardiosis. The phylogenetic positions of these strains were determined precisely by comparing small-subunit ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. We then determined the genomic DNA base compositions, as well as the levels of DNA relatedness among the isolates and the levels of DNA relatedness with other Nocardia species. On the basis of the data which we obtained, we propose that a new species, Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis, should be established. MATERIALS AND METHODSStrains, media, and growth conditions. We studied one strain (strain CIP 104598) that was isolated in the Laboratory of Bacteriology of Nice (Nice University Hospital, Nice, France) and was submitted for identification to the National Reference Center for Mycosis and Antifungal Agents, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. The other four strains which we used (strains ATCC 51511 [= CIP 1045991, ATCC 51512T [= CIP 1046001 [T = type strain], N249 [= CIP 1046011, and N649 [= CIP 1046021) were included in a previous study (25). All of these strains were isolated from human clinical sources (Table 1).All of the strains were stored either freeze-dried or on Bennett agar (13) covered with paraffin oil and were subcultured at 32°C on fresh Bennett agar or blood agar.25 9

Nocardia flavorosea sp. nov.

“…These observations are in good Table 1. Phenotypic characteristics that differentiate strain JCM 3332T from 11 other nocardiae Data obtained from Boiron et al (1993), Goodfellow (1992, 1998), Goodfellow & Lechevalier (1989, Kudo et al (1988) and Ruimy et al (1996) The organism contains major amounts of mycolic acids with 5&56 carbon atoms and 2-4 double bonds cellular fatty acids are hexadecanoic (29% of total fatty acids), octadecenoic (23 %), 10-methyloctadecanic (tuberculostearic, 17 %) and hexadecenoic (9 %) acids. The remaining chemical properties of the organism were given earlier.…”

Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis as an Emerging Cause of Opportunistic Infection after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

“…They confirmed that this new taxon is indeed a new species and proposed the name N. pseudobra- (19). Three additional cases have since been reported, including invasive infections; these include ventriculitis in an immunocompetent child (15), pneumonia in a 71-year-old man with a recent history of esophageal and gastric cancer (12), and disseminated infection in a patient with AIDS (3).…”

“…Genotypically, this new taxon was confirmed to indeed constitute a new bacterial species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization (19). Furthermore N. pseudobrasiliensis exhibits a specific restriction pattern in PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene (19,25).…”

“…Phenotypically, this new taxon is similar to N. brasiliensis but hydrolyzes adenine, has nitrate reductase activity less frequently, and displays two specific and early mycolic acid ester peaks in high-performance liquid chromatography (19). Genotypically, this new taxon was confirmed to indeed constitute a new bacterial species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization (19). Furthermore N. pseudobrasiliensis exhibits a specific restriction pattern in PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene (19,25).…”

Nocardia endophytica sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L.

“…It has been shown that some species of the genus Nocardia share high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, but have DNA-DNA relatedness values below the 70 % cut-off point for defining genomic species (Kageyama et al, 2004;Yassin & Brenner, 2005;Kämpfer et al, 2007;Sun et al, 2009). For example, N. nova JCM 6044 T and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis ATCC 51512 T shared 98 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, but had a DNA-DNA relatedness level of 12 % (Ruimy et al, 1996).…”