“…This dichotomy has its roots in Christian stories about the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene; moreover, it has become a discourse about female sexuality, portraying women as either Madonna or whore (Conrad, 2006;Kahalon et al, 2019). We argue that the dichotomy is not solely connected to Christianity, but also to societal norms for women, with similar rules found within other religions (Kretschmer et al, 2024;Saharso et al, 2023), suggesting its somewhat universal nature. Another aspect highlighted in previous research is that norms are different for men and women; men are often seen as autonomous whereas women are understood in relation to men and family, without the same agency as men (Bareket et al, 2018;Christianson et al, 2021;Conrad, 2006;Cruz, 2021;Kahalon et al, 2019;Sultana, 2012).…”