No MRI evidence of cortical lesions in neuromyelitis optica

Calabrese, Massimiliano; Oh, Mi Sun; Favaretto, Alice; Rinaldi, Francesca; Poretto, Valentina; Alessio, Sara; Lee, Byung‐Chul; Yu, Kyung‐Ho; Ma, Hyeo-Il; Perini, Paola; Gallo, Paolo

doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826e9a96

Cited by 106 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…First, the spatial resolution of resting state functional MR imaging Abnormalities in the thalamus in MS (23)(24)(25) and NMO (11,26) have been reported in several previous neuroimaging studies by using a single modality. This multimodal study extended previous findings by including the simultaneous examination of GM morphology, white matter microstructure, and functional organization of the thalamus in MS and NMO.…”

Section: Mr Imaging-clinical Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multimodal Quantitative MR Imaging of the Thalamus in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica

Liu¹,

Duan²,

Huang³

et al. 2015

Radiology

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Section: Mr Imaging-clinical Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multimodal Quantitative MR Imaging of the Thalamus in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica

Liu¹,

Duan²,

Huang³

et al. 2015

Radiology

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“…7 Lesion probability maps have not found statistically significant lesion locations in patients positive for anti-AQP4 antibody over those with MS. 6 However, distinguishing features were identified on MS brain MRI that were sensitive and specific, such as the presence of a lateral ventricle and inferior temporal lobe lesion, Dawson fingers, or an S-shaped U-fiber lesion, to classify the patient as MS. Imaging sensitive to cortical lesions has revealed their absence in NMO (excluding one Japanese study of NMO pathology 48 ), whereas they are seen in the majority of patients with MS. 49,50 Characteristic MS brain lesions surround central venule in .80% on high-strength MRI. 50,51 In NMO lesions, this is less frequent, reported in 9% to 35% of cases 50,52 and likely indicates the different pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.…”

Section: Comparing the Imaging Of Nmosd Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

et al. 2015

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Since its initial reports in the 19th century, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) had been thought to involve only the optic nerves and spinal cord. However, the discovery of highly specific antiaquaporin-4 antibody diagnostic biomarker for NMO enabled recognition of more diverse clinical spectrum of manifestations. Brain MRI abnormalities in patients seropositive for anti-aquaporin-4 antibody are common and some may be relatively unique by virtue of localization and configuration. Some seropositive patients present with brain involvement during their first attack and/or continue to relapse in the same location without optic nerve and spinal cord involvement. Thus, characteristics of brain abnormalities in such patients have become of increased interest. In this regard, MRI has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of NMO and its spectrum disorder (NMOSD), particularly from multiple sclerosis. Differentiating these conditions is of prime importance because early initiation of effective immunosuppressive therapy is the key to preventing attack-related disability in NMOSD, whereas some disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis may exacerbate the disease. Therefore, identifying the MRI features suggestive of NMOSD has diagnostic and prognostic implications. We herein review the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord MRI findings of NMOSD. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS that is characterized by severe attacks of optic neuritis (ON) and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). 1The past decade has witnessed dramatic advances in our understanding of NMO. Such advances were initiated by the discovery of the disease-specific autoantibody, NMO-immunoglobulin G (NMO-IgG), and subsequent identification of the main target autoantigen, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which has distinguished NMO as a distinct disease from multiple sclerosis (MS). 2Current diagnostic criteria, however, still require both ON and myelitis for an NMO diagnosis.3 Nevertheless, the identification of anti-AQP4 antibodies beyond the current diagnostic criteria of NMO indicates a broader clinical phenotype of this disorder, so-called "NMO spectrum disorder" (NMOSD). 4,5 The NMOSD encompasses anti-AQP4 antibody seropositive patients with limited or inaugural forms of NMO and with specific brain abnormalities. It also includes anti-AQP4 antibody seropositive patients with other autoimmune disorders such as systemic

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“…Several studies have focused on the differences in brain structure between MS and NMOSD patients (Calabrese et al, 2012;Duan et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2007), and these studies revealed significant disruptions in MS compared with NMOSD. However, the authors of those studies did not refer to the existence of AQP4 antibody in their NMOSD patients, and the field strength of the MRI system that they uses was relatively low (1.5-tesla).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%