No genetic variation detected within isolated relict populations of <i>Saxifraga cernua</i> in the Alps using RAPD markers

Bauert, Martin R.; Kälin, Moritz; Baltisberger, Matthias; Edwards, Peter J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00470.x

Cited by 134 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Most of fine scale studies that were interested on genetic diversity of mountainous plants in Europe have been carried out in the Alps (Bauert et al, 1998;Gugerli et al, 1999;Holderegger et al, 2002;Schönswetter et al, 2003;Stehlik, 2002), whereas little attention has been paid to more southern mountain areas such as the Pyrenees. Similar to the Alps, the east-west orientation of the Pyrenees could have acted as a geological barrier to northward expansion of low land species during warm periods (Taberlet et al, 1998) and eventually served as their habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two lineages ofTrifolium alpinum(Fabaceae) in the Pyrenees: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Lauga

Malaval

Largier

et al. 2009

Acta Botanica Gallica

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Abstract.-Trifolium alpinum L. is an important component of the high-elevated grazing ecosystem in the French Pyrenees. To assess population relationships and levels of geographical differentiation of it in this region, we analysed forty populations sampled in ten river catchments by RAPD. Our results indicated intermediate level of genetic diversity in most populations, most of it being attributed to intrapopulation variation after AMOVA. Population differentiation evaluated through F ST and exact tests showed that an important genetic differentiation exists among populations. This differentiation is to some extent explained by the occurrence of two divergent groups along the massif that distinguish an eastern and a western pool of T. alpinum populations. Paleoclimatic episodes of the Quaternary, involving altitudinal species migration from glacial refugia, could explain the pattern of neutral diversity observed. Additional factors such as adaptative divergence or species life traits are proposed to explain the maintenance of this pattern through time.Key words : altitudinal migration -genetic diversity -mountain flora -phylogeography -population structure -quaternary glaciations.Résumé.-Trifolium alpinum L. est une composante importante des pâturages du versant français des Pyrénées. Pour évaluer les relations entre les populations et son niveau de différenciation génétique dans cette région, nous avons analysé quarante populations issues de dix bassins versants à l'aide de marqueurs neutres RAPD. Nos résultats indiquent des niveaux moyens de diversité génétique dans la plupart des populations étudiées, dont la plus grande partie est attribuée à une variation intrapopulation. La différenciation évaluée par le F ST et par tests exacts montre qu'il existe une importante différenciation entre les populations, qui s'explique en partie par l'existence de deux groupes distincts le long du massif séparant les populations de T. alpinum de l'est de la chaîne de celles de l'ouest. Les épisodes paléoclimatiques du Quaternaire, incluant des migrations altitudinales d'espèces depuis des refuges glaciaires, pourraient expliquer la structuration de la diversité neutre observée. Des facteurs complé-mentaires, comme une divergence adaptative ou les traits de vie de l'espèce, peuvent expliquer la conservation de cette structuration jusqu'à nos jours.Mots clés : migration altitudinale -diversité génétique -flore orophile -phylogéographie -structuration des populations -glaciations quaternaires.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two lineages ofTrifolium alpinum(Fabaceae) in the Pyrenees: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Lauga

Malaval

Largier

et al. 2009

Acta Botanica Gallica

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“…Heredity (2002) 88, 313-321. DOI: 10.1038/sj/hdy/6800047 as allozymes or RAPDs (eg, Ledig and Conkle, 1983;Bauert et al, 1998;Vogel et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heredity (2002) 88, 313-321. DOI: 10.1038/sj/hdy/6800047 as allozymes or RAPDs (eg, Ledig and Conkle, 1983;Bauert et al, 1998;Vogel et al, 1999).Recently, hypervariable microsatellite loci have become a popular genetic tool in population and conservation genetics. Microsatellites have such strong discriminating power that they have been utilised for parentage analysis (Dow and Ashley, 1996;Isagi et al, 2000) and detection of fine-scale genetic differentiation (van Oppen et al, 1997;Streiff et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Microsatellite genetic variation in small and isolated populations of Magnolia sieboldii ssp. japonica

Kikuchi

Isagi

2002

Heredity

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Magnolia sieboldii ssp. japonica, distributed mainly in western Japan, is restricted to high elevation areas (1000-2000 m above sea level) and usually forms small isolated populations. Four microsatellite loci were assayed for 19 populations from six regions spanning the range of distribution, and the levels and distribution of genetic variation were estimated. All four loci were variable, with a total of 39 alleles, but the overall level of microsatellite genetic variation was low, especially compared with a related species, M. obovata. Genetic structure in M. sieboldii was characterised by low intrapopulational genetic variation (A = 3.74 and H o = 0.366 on average) and high genetic differentiation even among regional populations. Highly significant isolation-by-distance (IBD) models at the short distance were detected. Genetic drift and limited gene flow was considered to be important Keywords: Magnolia sieboldii; microsatellite: genetic diversity; population size; genetic drift; isolation-by-distance IntroductionWithin a species, the genetic structures of plant populations are determined by factors such as mutation, migration, selection and genetic drift. The effects of genetic drift are important when populations are small or isolated. Species consisting of such populations usually have small within-population genetic variation and large among-population differentiation (Loveless and Hamrick, 1984). Genetic information can be useful in the conservation of rare plant species, which usually consist of small and/or isolated populations. For example, the risk of extinction of a population or a species can be assessed, and the steps and priorities necessary to prevent extinction can be determined by estimating the level of genetic diversity, the effect of genetic drift, and the extent of genetic differentiation and gene flow, from genetic data (Ellstrand and Elam, 1993). However, the genetic variability of isolated or local endemic populations sometimes collapses because of severe genetic drift or historical bottlenecks; in such cases little or no genetic variation is detected in the population using genetic markers, such Correspondence: S Kikuchi, Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kukizaki, in determining the genetic structure within regions. Total genetic differentiation was remarkably high (F ST = 0.488 and R ST = 0.538), suggesting genetic barriers among regions. Neighbour-joining dendrograms relating the 19 populations, and further analysis on the IBD models, revealed that a stepwise mutation model was more suited than an infinite allele model to explain the genetic differentiation among regions. It is suggested that mutation at microsatellite loci might be influential in generating the genetic differentiation among regions. These results showed the potential of hypervariable microsatellite loci to evaluate the effects of genetic drift and population isolation within regions, and to detect genetic distinctiveness, in spite of the loss of overall genetic variati...

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“…Different molecular methods can be efficiently used to study the gene pool of rare species. Nevertheless, for practical reasons, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA; Williams et al, 1990) markers have been frequently used to determine the genetic variability of endangered, relict and/or endemic taxa (eg Stewart and Porter, 1995;Bauert et al, 1998;Liao and Hsiao, 1998;Las Heras et al, 1999;Maki and Horie, 1999). In this paper, the RAPD technique is applied to A. subbaeticum; more specifically, the following questions are addressed: (a) are levels of genetic variation present in this species similar to those reported in congeneric taxa?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in a narrow endemic snapdragon (Antirrhinum subbaeticum, Scrophulariaceae) using RAPD markers

et al. 2002

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Antirrhinum subbaeticum is an endangered species inhabiting fragmented limestone cliffs. In the last 3 years, a drastic population decline has been observed in three of four known populations and the estimated number of surviving individuals is now close to 400. A RAPD study was conducted to evaluate the levels of genetic variation present in this species to improve conservation guidelines. Thity-nine polymorphic products identified 66.1% of the samples by unique RAPD multilocus profiles. A cluster analysis grouped the samples into two broad groups corresponding to northern or southern provenances. AMOVA analysis showed that only 17.7% of the genetic diversity was partitioned within populations. These results are in contrast to data available for

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No genetic variation detected within isolated relict populations of Saxifraga cernua in the Alps using RAPD markers

Cited by 134 publications

References 26 publications

Two lineages ofTrifolium alpinum(Fabaceae) in the Pyrenees: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Two lineages ofTrifolium alpinum(Fabaceae) in the Pyrenees: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Microsatellite genetic variation in small and isolated populations of Magnolia sieboldii ssp. japonica

Genetic variability in a narrow endemic snapdragon (Antirrhinum subbaeticum, Scrophulariaceae) using RAPD markers

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