No effects of the theta-frequency transcranial electrical stimulation for recall, attention control, and relation integration in working memory

Abstract

IntroductionRecent studies have suggested that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and especially the theta-frequency tACS, can improve human performance on working memory tasks. However, evidence to date is mixed. Moreover, the two WM tasks applied most frequently, namely the n-back and change-detection tasks, might not constitute canonical measures of WM capacity.MethodIn a relatively large sample of young healthy participants (N = 62), we administered a more canonical WM task that required stimuli recall, as well as we applied two WM tasks tapping into other key WM functions: attention control (the antisaccade task) and relational integration (the graph mapping task). The participants performed these three tasks three times: during the left frontal 5.5-Hz and the left parietal 5.5-Hz tACS session as well as during the sham session, with a random order of sessions. Attentional vigilance and subjective experience were monitored.ResultsFor each task administered, we observed significant gains in accuracy neither for the frontal tACS session nor for the parietal tACS session, as compared to the sham session. By contrast, the scores on each task positively inter-correlated across the three sessions.DiscussionThe results suggest that canonical measures of WM capacity are strongly stable in time and hardly affected by theta-frequency tACS. Either the tACS effects observed in the n-back and change detection tasks do not generalize onto other WM tasks, or the tACS method has limited effectiveness with regard to WM, and might require further methodological advancements.

Dragon boat exercise reshapes the temporal-spatial dynamics of the brain

“…Delta waves (0.5–4 Hz) are associated with deep sleep and cognitive processes such as memory consolidation ( Bernardi et al, 2019 ). Theta oscillations (4–8 Hz) have been implicated in attention, working memory, and cognitive control ( Ociepka et al, 2024 ). Alpha waves (8–12 Hz) are prominent during relaxation and are thought to inhibit irrelevant brain regions, facilitating focused attention ( Mahjoory et al, 2019 ).…”