No effects of ingesting or rinsing sucrose on depleted self-control performance

Boyle, N.B.; Lawton, Clare; Allen, Richard J.; Croden, Fiona; Smith, Kenneth; Dye, Louise

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.019

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…This fall in plasma glucose could reflect a more efficient transfer of glucose to the brain which in turn results in increased provision centrally (62) . One should be cautious when making assumptions about peripheral blood glucose levels and their putative effects on the brain, as other studies have failed to demonstrate such findings (73,74) . Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that cognitively demanding tasks and in particular those relying on executive functions are sensitive to changes in glucose availability (70,75) .…”

Section: Acute Administration Of a Glucose Load: Prototypical Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan

Sünram-Lea

Owen

2017

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The brain has a high metabolic rate and its metabolism is almost entirely restricted to oxidative utilisation of glucose. These factors emphasise the extreme dependence of neural tissue on a stable and adequate supply of glucose. Whereas initially it was thought that only glucose deprivation (i.e. under hypoglycaemic conditions) can affect brain function, it has become apparent that low-level fluctuations in central availability can affect neural and consequently, cognitive performance. In the present paper the impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognitive processes across the lifespan will be reviewed. The data suggest that although an acute rise in blood glucose levels has some short-term improvements of cognitive function, a more stable blood glucose profile, which avoids greater peaks and troughs in circulating glucose is associated with better cognitive function and a lower risk of cognitive impairments in the longer term. Therefore, a habitual diet that secures optimal glucose delivery to the brain in the fed and fasting states should be most advantageous for the maintenance of cognitive function. Although the evidence to date is promising, it is insufficient to allow firm and evidence-based nutritional recommendations. The rise in obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in recent years highlights the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle strategies to promote healthy lifestyle and brain function across the lifespan and for future generations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for hypothesis-driven, randomised controlled trials that evaluate the role of different glycaemic manipulations on cognition.

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Section: Acute Administration Of a Glucose Load: Prototypical Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan

Sünram-Lea

Owen

2017

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Furthermore, it is possible that self-control depletion is not determined by inadequate brain glucose supply during exertion of self-control, and numerous theories have risen to explain the depletion effect sans brain glucose depletion (e.g., Inzlicht and Schmeichel, 2012 ; Kurzban et al, 2013 ; Ampel et al, 2016 ). Research has suggested that participants who gargle with glucose, but do not consume it exhibit attenuation of the depletion effect (e.g., Sanders et al, 2012 ; Carter and McCullough, 2013 ; Hagger and Chatzisarantis, 2013 ; but see Lange and Eggert, 2014 ; Boyle et al, 2016 ), and new meta-analyses go so far as to provide evidence that glucose administration does not actually ameliorate the depletion effect at all ( Dang, 2016 ). These findings do not factor into our paper, as our objective is entirely concerned with addressing the inaccuracies that have occurred in the process of criticizing the biological plausibility of the glucose model of self-control depletion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mental Work Requires Physical Energy: Self-Control Is Neither Exception nor Exceptional

2018

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The brain’s reliance on glucose as a primary fuel source is well established, but psychological models of cognitive processing that take energy supply into account remain uncommon. One exception is research on self-control depletion, where debate continues over a limited-resource model. This model argues that a transient reduction in self-control after the exertion of prior self-control is caused by the depletion of brain glucose, and that self-control processes are special, perhaps unique, in this regard. This model has been argued to be physiologically implausible in several recent reviews. This paper attempts to correct some inaccuracies that have occurred during debate over the physiological plausibility of this model. We contend that not only is such limitation of cognition by constraints on glucose supply plausible, it is well established in the neuroscience literature across several cognitive domains. Conversely, we argue that there is no evidence that self-control is special in regard to its metabolic cost. Mental processes require physical energy, and the body is limited in its ability to supply the brain with sufficient energy to fuel mental processes. This article reviews current findings in brain metabolism and seeks to resolve the current conflict in the field regarding the physiological plausibility of the self-control glucose-depletion hypothesis.

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“…36 For example, in alcohol research, studies have shown that participants who receive a placebo drink may improve behavior in social situations and performance because they try to compensate for expected cognitive impairment and they reinforce their attention to situational cues(Testa et al 2006). Molden et al (2012),Sanders et al (2012),Boyle et al (2016) andDang (2016) have shown a variety of placebo effects in the domain of self-control and resource consumption.37 So the maximum they can borrow is €1000/1.15 €870.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-environment effects on intertemporal financial choices: How relevant are resource-depletion models?

Kuhn

Kühn

Villeval

2017

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

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A large literature in psychology studies the effects of the immediate decision environment on behavior, and conceptualizes both cognitive capacity and self-control as scarce resources that can be depleted by recent use, and replenished by factors like rest and nutrition. We assess the relevance of resource-depletion models for intertemporal financial decisions by estimating the effects of three interventions -prior impulse-controlling activity, consumption of a sugared drink, and consumption of a placebo (sugar-free) drink--on intertemporal monetary choices in a cash-advance framework. These manipulations have large impacts on the demand for advances, but contrary to resource-based models prior impulse-controlling activity and placebo drink consumption increase patience. To understand these effects, we estimate treatment effects on the three parameters of a decision utility model for every subject in our sample. All treatments reduce utility curvature and present-bias, and these movements are highly correlated. Together, we argue that these patterns suggest that the treatments are acting not on subjects' fundamental utility parameters but on subjects' tendencies to frame financial decisions narrowly (within the frame of the lab experiment) versus broadly (in the context of their other financial options). Thus, while decision environments have large effects on intertemporal financial decisions, both the direction and the mechanisms underlying these effects appear to be quite different from those suggested by resource-depletion models.

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No effects of ingesting or rinsing sucrose on depleted self-control performance

Abstract: 15Self-control tasks appear to deplete a limited resource resulting in reduced subsequent self-

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

The impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan

The impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan

Mental Work Requires Physical Energy: Self-Control Is Neither Exception nor Exceptional

Decision-environment effects on intertemporal financial choices: How relevant are resource-depletion models?

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